{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:47:55Z","timestamp":1786978075760,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,28]],"date-time":"2010-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pre- and early puberty may be the most opportune time to strengthen the female skeleton, but there are few longitudinal data to support this claim. Competitive female premenarcheal (pre\/peri, n\u2009=\u200913) and postmenarcheal (post, n\u2009=\u200932) tennis players aged 10 to 17 years were followed over 12 months. The osteogenic response to loading was studied by comparing the playing and nonplaying humeri for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone mineral content (BMC) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) total bone area (ToA), medullary area (MedA), cortical area (CoA), and muscle area (MCSA) at the humerus. Over 12 months, growth-induced gains (nonplaying arm) in BMC, ToA, and CoA were greater in pre\/peri (10% to 19%, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) than in post (3% to 5%, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05 to .001) players. At baseline, BMC, ToA, CoA, and MCSA were 8% to 18% greater in the playing versus nonplaying arms in pre\/peri and post players (all p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001); MedA was smaller in the playing versus nonplaying arms in post only players (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05). When comparing the annual gains in the playing arm relative to changes in the nonplaying arm, the increases in ToA and CoA were greater in pre\/peri than post players (all p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05). The smaller the side-to-side differences in BMC and CoA at baseline, the larger the exercise benefits at 12 months (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.39 to \u22120.48, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01). The exercise-induced change in MCSA was predictive of the exercise benefits in BMC in pre\/peri players only (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05). In conclusion, both pre\/peri- and postmenarcheal tennis players showed significant exercise-induced skeletal benefits within a year, with greater benefits in cortical bone geometry in pre\/perimenarcheal girls. \u00a9 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,28]],"date-time":"2010-12-28T15:33:30Z","timestamp":1293550410000},"page":"1321-1329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Effects of repetitive loading on the growth-induced changes in bone mass and cortical bone geometry: A 12-month study in pre\/peri- and postmenarcheal tennis players"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Gaele","family":"Ducher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia"},{"name":"Noll Laboratory, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shona L","family":"Bass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Saxon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin M","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Western Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020318034956500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.4.1347","article-title":"Tomographical description of tennis-loaded radius: reciprocal relation between bone size and volumetric BMD","volume":"86","author":"Ashizawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"2024020318034956500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.12.2281","article-title":"Effect of long-term impact-loading on mass, size, and estimated strength of humerus and radius of female racquet-sports players: a peripheral quantitative computed tomography study between young and old starters and controls","volume":"17","author":"Kontulainen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318034956500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00707-4","article-title":"Paradoxical adaptation of mature radius to unilateral use in tennis playing","volume":"30","author":"Nara-Ashizawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"2024020318034956500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-1-199507010-00003","article-title":"Effect of starting age of physical activity on bone mass in the dominant arm of tennis and squash players","volume":"123","author":"Kannus","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"2024020318034956500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1139\/y96-099","article-title":"Effects of resistance training on bone mineral content and density in adolescent females","volume":"74","author":"Blimkie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol."},{"key":"2024020318034956500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070021","article-title":"High-impact exercise and bones of growing girls: a 9-month controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Heinonen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"2024020318034956500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200006000-00003","article-title":"Effects of plyometric jump training on bone mass in adolescent girls","volume":"32","author":"Witzke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2024020318034956500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.12.2274","article-title":"The effect of mechanical loading on the size and shape of bone in pre-, peri-, and postpubertal girls: a study in tennis players","volume":"17","author":"Bass","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318034956500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp038101","article-title":"Periosteal bone formation - a neglected determinant of bone strength","volume":"349","author":"Seeman","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2024020318034956500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330930103","article-title":"Postcranial robusticity in Homo. 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