{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:48:51Z","timestamp":1789778931752,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]],"date-time":"2017-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Several in vitro and animal studies have showed that inflammatory markers play a role in bone remodeling and pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Additionally, some human longitudinal studies showed suggestive associations between elevated inflammatory markers and increased risk of nontraumatic fractures. We examined several inflammatory markers and multiple fracture types in a single study of older individuals with extensive follow-up. We assessed the association of four inflammatory markers with the risk of incident hip fractures among 5265 participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and a composite endpoint of incident fractures of the hip, pelvis, humerus, or proximal forearm in 4477 participants. Among CHS participants followed between 1992 and 2009, we observed 480 incident hip fractures during a median follow-up of 11 years. In the composite fracture analysis cohort of 4477 participants, we observed 711 fractures during a median follow-up of 7 years. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hip fracture associated with doubling of IL-6 were HR 1.15 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.30) overall and HR 1.17 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.35) in women. We also observed a positive association between each unit increase in white blood cell (WBC) count and risk of hip fracture: HR 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.06) overall and HR 1.06 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.20) in women. We observed no significant associations between any of the four inflammatory markers and a composite fracture endpoint. Our findings suggest that chronic inflammatory and immune processes may be related to higher rates of incident hip fractures. \u00a9 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]],"date-time":"2017-10-04T14:52:36Z","timestamp":1507128756000},"page":"221-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Soluble Inflammatory Markers and Risk of Incident Fractures in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Danijela","family":"Stojanovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Surveillance and EpidemiologyUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMDUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"B\u016f\u017ekov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J","family":"Mukamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan R","family":"Heckbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Health Research UnitUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA"},{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research InstituteSeattleWAUSA"},{"name":"Departments of MedicineEpidemiology, and Health ServicesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce M","family":"Psaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Health Research UnitUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA"},{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research InstituteSeattleWAUSA"},{"name":"Departments of MedicineEpidemiology, and Health ServicesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard A","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Division of Epidemiology & Community HealthSchool of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA"},{"name":"Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center and Center for Chronic Disease Outcome ResearchVeterans Affairs Health Care SystemMinneapolisMNUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane A","family":"Cauley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EpidemiologyGraduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley H","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Research InstituteDepartment of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calvin","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine and GeriatricsUniversity of CaliforniaDavis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Budoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of CardiologyHarbor\u2013University of CaliforniaLos Angeles (UCLA) Medical CenterTorranceCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CardiologyLos Angeles Biomedical Research InstituteTorranceCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Jalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Renal Diseases and HypertensionUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineDenverCOUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph AC","family":"Delaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EpidemiologyCollaborative Health Studies Coordinating CenterUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Health Research UnitUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9527","key":"2024021014394372600_jbmr3301-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68891-0","volume":"367","author":"Sambrook","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoporosis. 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