{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:01:18Z","timestamp":1788793278936,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AR051376 (XEG)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR051376 (XEG)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH R01 AR058004 (XEG, ES)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01 AR058004 (XEG, ES)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSFC 81601930#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC 81601930#"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016JJB140050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016JJB140050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Developing effective treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent and disabling disease, has remained a challenge, primarily because of limited understanding of its pathogenesis and late diagnosis. In the subchondral bone, rapid bone loss after traumatic injuries and bone sclerosis at the advanced stage of OA are well-recognized hallmarks of the disease. Recent studies have further demonstrated the crucial contribution of subchondral bone in the development of OA. However, the microstructural basis of these bone changes has not been examined thoroughly, and the paradox of how abnormal resorption can eventually lead to bone sclerosis remains unanswered. By applying a novel microstructural analysis technique, individual trabecula segmentation (ITS), to micro-computed tomography (\u03bcCT) images of human OA knees, we have identified a drastic loss of rod-like trabeculae and thickening of plate-like trabeculae that persisted in all regions of the tibial plateau, underneath both severely damaged and still intact cartilage. The simultaneous reduction in trabecular rods and thickening of trabecular plates provide important insights to the dynamic and paradoxical subchondral bone changes observed in OA. Furthermore, using an established guinea pig model of spontaneous OA, we discovered similar trabecular rod loss and plate thickening that preceded cartilage degradation. Thus, our study suggests that rod-and-plate microstructural changes in the subchondral trabecular bone may play an important role in the development of OA and that advanced microstructural analysis techniques such as ITS are necessary in detecting these early but subtle changes. With emerging high-resolution skeletal imaging modalities such as the high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), trabecular rod loss identified by ITS could potentially be used as a marker in assessing the progression of OA in future longitudinal studies or clinical diagnosis. \u00a9 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T12:38:39Z","timestamp":1508243919000},"page":"316-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Subchondral Trabecular Rod Loss and Plate Thickening in the Development of Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone and Joint Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong"},{"name":"Bone Bioengineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Bioengineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y Eric","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Bioengineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingjian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Bioengineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tezita","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Bioengineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Bioengineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Bioengineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwong Yuen","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frankie KL","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Macaulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic SurgeryNew York University Langone\/Hospital for Joint DiseasesNew YorkNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle K","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Shane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William W","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X Edward","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Bioengineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23176","article-title":"Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States","volume":"58","author":"Lawrence","year":"2008","journal-title":"Part II. Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.09.025","article-title":"Osteoarthritis year in review 2016: clinical","volume":"25","author":"Lane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.01.019","article-title":"Osteoarthritis year 2010 in review: pharmacological therapies","volume":"19","author":"Berenbaum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"9783","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60243-2","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: an update with relevance for clinical practice","volume":"377","author":"Bijlsma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei049","article-title":"The economic burden of disabling hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) from the perspective of individuals living with this condition","volume":"44","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/lds038","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden of osteoarthritis","volume":"105","author":"Litwic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-8-200010170-00016","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: new insights. Part 1: the disease and its risk factors","volume":"133","author":"Felson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.197","article-title":"The bone-cartilage unit in osteoarthritis","volume":"7","author":"Lories","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780361019","article-title":"A longitudinal study of subchondral plate and trabecular bone in cruciate-deficient dogs with osteoarthritis followed up for 54 months","volume":"36","author":"Dedrick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.08.007","article-title":"Characterization of articular cartilage and subchondral bone changes in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection and meniscectomized models of osteoarthritis","volume":"38","author":"Hayami","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.004","article-title":"In early OA, thinning of the subchondral plate is directly related to cartilage damage: results from a canine ACLT-meniscectomy model","volume":"18","author":"Intema","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R210","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3543","article-title":"Application of in vivo micro-computed tomography in the temporal characterisation of subchondral bone architecture in a rat model of low-dose monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Mohan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00122.2004","article-title":"Doxycycline effects on mechanical and morphometrical properties of early- and late-stage osteoarthritic bone following anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"97","author":"Pardy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2003.09.007","article-title":"Subchondral bone changes in hand and knee osteoarthritis detected by radiography","author":"Buckland-Wright","year":"2004","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00982-1","article-title":"Changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone histomorphometry in osteoarthritic knee joints in humans","volume":"32","author":"Bobinac","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22962","article-title":"Comparison of volumetric bone mineral density in the operated and contralateral knee after anterior cruciate ligament and reconstruction: a 1-year follow-up study using peripheral quantitative computed tomography","volume":"33","author":"Mundermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.11.005","article-title":"Bone mineral density changes in the knee following anterior cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"22","author":"van Meer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B6.12595","article-title":"Changes in the three-dimensional microstructure of human tibial cancellous bone in early osteoarthritis","volume":"85","author":"Ding","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900632","article-title":"Effect of anterior cruciate ligament injury of the knee on bone mineral density of the spine and affected lower extremity: a prospective one-year follow-up study","volume":"64","author":"Leppala","year":"1999","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.10.009","article-title":"Cancellous bone differences between knees with early, definite and advanced joint space loss; a comparative quantitative macroradiographic study","volume":"13","author":"Messent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.01.007","article-title":"Tibial cancellous bone changes in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A short-term longitudinal study using Fractal Signature Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Messent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110904","article-title":"Osteoarthritis in cynomolgus macaques. III: effects of age, gender, and subchondral bone thickness on the severity of disease","volume":"11","author":"Carlson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040609","article-title":"Effects of calcitonin on subchondral trabecular bone changes and on osteoarthritic cartilage lesions after acute anterior cruciate ligament deficiency","volume":"19","author":"Behets","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.39","article-title":"Similarities and discrepancies in subchondral bone structure in two differently induced canine models of osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Intema","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.06.007","article-title":"Subchondral bone changes in three different canine models of osteoarthritis","volume":"19","author":"Kuroki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.12.015","article-title":"Subchondral and trabecular bone metabolism regulation in canine experimental knee osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Lavigne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-005-0028-5","article-title":"Age-related three-dimensional microarchitectural adaptations of subchondral bone tissues in guinea pig primary osteoarthrosis","volume":"78","author":"Ding","year":"2006","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22921","article-title":"Role of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis development: a comparative study of two strains of guinea pigs with and without spontaneously occurring osteoarthritis","volume":"56","author":"Muraoka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.01.002","article-title":"Spatial and temporal changes of subchondral bone proceed to microscopic articular cartilage degeneration in guinea pigs with spontaneous osteoarthritis","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.07.013","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone (1-34) prevents cartilage degradation and preserves subchondral bone micro-architecture in guinea pigs with spontaneous osteoarthritis","volume":"22","author":"Yan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20124","article-title":"The role of subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis: reduction of cartilage degeneration and prevention of osteophyte formation by alendronate in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model","volume":"50","author":"Hayami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.08.005","article-title":"Cartilage damage pattern in relation to subchondral plate thickness in a collagenase-induced model of osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Botter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30307","article-title":"Osteoarthritis induction leads to early and temporal subchondral plate porosity in the tibial plateau of mice: an in vivo microfocal computed tomography study","volume":"63","author":"Botter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.124586","article-title":"Inhibition of bone resorption blunts osteoarthritis in mice with high bone remodelling","volume":"69","author":"Kadri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3143","article-title":"Inhibition of TGF-beta signaling in mesenchymal stem cells of subchondral bone attenuates osteoarthritis","volume":"19","author":"Zhen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.09.008","article-title":"Subchondral bone micro-architectural alterations in osteoarthritis: a synchrotron micro-computed tomography study","volume":"14","author":"Chappard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1609","article-title":"Relationship between microstructure and degree of mineralization in subchondral bone of osteoarthritis: a synchrotron radiation microCT study","volume":"27","author":"Chiba","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.01.024","article-title":"Decreased bone tissue mineralization can partly explain subchondral sclerosis observed in osteoarthritis","volume":"50","author":"Cox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23312","article-title":"Association between subchondral bone structure and osteoarthritis histopathological grade","volume":"35","author":"Finnila","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.4.641","article-title":"Composition and mechanical properties of cancellous bone from the femoral head of patients with osteoporosis or osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.4.247","article-title":"Mechanical and material properties of the subchondral bone plate from the femoral head of patients with osteoarthritis or osteoporosis","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.1999.19510101.x","article-title":"The electron microscope appearance of the subchondral bone plate in the human femoral head in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis","volume":"195","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.07.012","article-title":"Bone turnover and articular cartilage differences localized to subchondral cysts in knees with advanced osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00012-2","article-title":"A decreased subchondral trabecular bone tissue elastic modulus is associated with pre-arthritic cartilage damage","volume":"19","author":"Day","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679808999047","article-title":"Changes in the stiffness of the human tibial cartilage-bone complex in early-stage osteoarthrosis","volume":"69","author":"Ding","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/000164701317323444","article-title":"Bone density does not reflect mechanical properties in early-stage arthrosis","volume":"72","author":"Ding","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.2307\/3572180","article-title":"Accretion and exchange of strontium-85 in trabecular and cortical bones","volume":"28","author":"Gong","year":"1966","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.071009","article-title":"Complete volumetric decomposition of individual trabecular plates and rods and its morphological correlations with anisotropic elastic moduli in human trabecular bone","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.50","article-title":"Individual trabeculae segmentation (ITS)-based morphological analysis of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography images detects abnormal trabecular plate and rod microarchitecture in premenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.562","article-title":"Individual trabecula segmentation (ITS)-based morphological analyses and microfinite element analysis of HR-pQCT images discriminate postmenopausal fragility fractures independent of DXA measurements","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1919","article-title":"Fast trabecular bone strength predictions of HR-pQCT and individual trabeculae segmentation-based plate and rod finite element model discriminate postmenopausal vertebral fractures","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.4248\/BR201304005","article-title":"Trabecular plate loss and deteriorating elastic modulus of femoral trabecular bone in intertrochanteric hip fractures","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052030-00004","article-title":"A comparison of the dynamic force transmitting properties of subchondral bone and articular cartilage","volume":"52","author":"Radin","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(84)90075-7","article-title":"Finite element studies of some juxtarticular stress changes due to localized subchondral stiffening","volume":"17","author":"Brown","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290816","article-title":"Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis. Classification of osteoarthritis of the knee. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee of the American Rheumatism Association","volume":"29","author":"Altman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494","article-title":"Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis","volume":"16","author":"Kellgren","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.07.014","article-title":"Osteoarthritis cartilage histopathology: grading and staging","volume":"14","author":"Pritzker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.12.016","article-title":"Ex vivo thickness measurement of cartilage covering the temporomandibular joint","volume":"52","author":"Mirahmadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(97)00016-2","article-title":"A new shape preserving parallel thinning algorithm for 3D digital images","volume":"30","author":"Saha","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(94)90060-4","article-title":"Topology preservation in 3D digital space","volume":"27","author":"Saha","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pattern Recog"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1109\/34.329007","article-title":"Detection of 3-D simple points for topology preserving transformations with application to thinning","volume":"16","author":"Saha","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1996.0032","article-title":"3D digital topology under binary transformation with applications","volume":"63","author":"Saha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comput Vis Image Underst"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678208992844","article-title":"The subchondral bone of the proximal tibial epiphysis in osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"53","author":"Christensen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555898","article-title":"Subchondral bone in osteoarthritis","volume":"49","author":"Grynpas","year":"1991","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI867","article-title":"Abnormal cancellous bone collagen metabolism in osteoarthritis","volume":"101","author":"Mansell","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0066","first-page":"359","article-title":"Adaptation of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis","author":"Day","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.04.015","article-title":"The OARSI histopathology initiative \u2014 recommendations for histological assessments of osteoarthritis in the guinea pig","volume":"18","author":"Kraus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23079","article-title":"Cartilage degeneration and excessive subchondral bone formation in spontaneous osteoarthritis involves altered TGF-beta signaling","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1148\/116.3.585","article-title":"Compartmental evaluation of osteoarthritis of the knee. A comparative study of available diagnostic modalities","volume":"116","author":"Thomas","year":"1975","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.10.013","article-title":"Alterations to the subchondral bone architecture during osteoarthritis: bone adaptation vs endochondral bone formation","volume":"21","author":"Cox","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3178","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10630","article-title":"Evidence for increased bone resorption in patients with progressive knee osteoarthritis: longitudinal results from the Chingford study","volume":"46","author":"Bettica","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.130","article-title":"Bone remodelling in osteoarthritis","volume":"8","author":"Burr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"213","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0073","first-page":"34","article-title":"Role of subchondral bone in the initiation and progression of cartilage damage","author":"Radin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"7749","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)90179-1","article-title":"Role of mechanical factors in pathogenesis of primary osteoarthritis","volume":"1","author":"Radin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2003.09.016","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the mineralized tissues: role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis","author":"Burr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.11.006","article-title":"Trabecular plates and rods determine elastic modulus and yield strength of human trabecular bone","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pii E1496","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091496","article-title":"Subchondral bone plate changes more rapidly than trabecular bone in osteoarthritis","volume":"17","author":"Zamli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.6.2359","article-title":"Early regional adaptation of periarticular bone mineral density after anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"89","author":"Boyd","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.11.004","article-title":"Long-term periarticular bone adaptation in a feline knee injury model for post-traumatic experimental osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Boyd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"2024021014393167700_jbmr3313-bib-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.12.015","article-title":"Quantitative in vivo assessment of bone microarchitecture in the human knee using HR-pQCT","volume":"97","author":"Kroker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbmr.3313","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/33\/2\/316\/56654275\/jbmr3313.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/33\/2\/316\/56654275\/jbmr3313.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T15:00:20Z","timestamp":1710342020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/33\/2\/316-327\/7605825"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3313","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]]}}}