{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:48:26Z","timestamp":1776779306379,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]],"date-time":"2011-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using high-density genotyping platforms offer an unbiased strategy to identify new candidate genes for osteoporosis. It is imperative to be able to clearly distinguish signal from noise by focusing on the best phenotype in a genetic study. We performed GWAS of multiple phenotypes associated with fractures [bone mineral density (BMD), bone quantitative ultrasound (QUS), bone geometry, and muscle mass] with approximately 433,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and created a database of resulting associations. We performed analysis of GWAS data from 23 phenotypes by a novel modification of a block clustering algorithm followed by gene-set enrichment analysis. A data matrix of standardized regression coefficients was partitioned along both axes\u2014SNPs and phenotypes. Each partition represents a distinct cluster of SNPs that have similar effects over a particular set of phenotypes. Application of this method to our data shows several SNP-phenotype connections. We found a strong cluster of association coefficients of high magnitude for 10 traits (BMD at several skeletal sites, ultrasound measures, cross-sectional bone area, and section modulus of femoral neck and shaft). These clustered traits were highly genetically correlated. Gene-set enrichment analyses indicated the augmentation of genes that cluster with the 10 osteoporosis-related traits in pathways such as aldosterone signaling in epithelial cells, role of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes in rheumatoid arthritis, and Parkinson signaling. In addition to several known candidate genes, we also identified PRKCH and SCNN1B as potential candidate genes for multiple bone traits. In conclusion, our mining of GWAS results revealed the similarity of association results between bone strength phenotypes that may be attributed to pleiotropic effects of genes. This knowledge may prove helpful in identifying novel genes and pathways that underlie several correlated phenotypes, as well as in deciphering genetic and phenotypic modularity underlying osteoporosis risk. \u00a9 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]],"date-time":"2011-01-04T19:46:23Z","timestamp":1294170383000},"page":"1261-1271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Identification of homogeneous genetic architecture of multiple genetically correlated traits by block clustering of genome-wide associations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mayetri","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching-Lung","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong-Kong, China"},{"name":"Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hsiang","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serkalem","family":"Demissie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L Adrienne","family":"Cupples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas P","family":"Kiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Karasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.446","article-title":"Twenty bone-mineral-density loci identified by large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies","volume":"41","author":"Rivadeneira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.01.025","article-title":"Genome-wide association and follow-up replication studies identified ADAMTS18 and TGFBR3 as bone mass candidate genes in different ethnic groups","volume":"84","author":"Xiong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.12.014","article-title":"Association of JAG1 with bone mineral density and osteoporotic fractures: a genome-wide association study and follow-up replication studies","volume":"86","author":"Kung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-8-S1-S14","article-title":"Genome-wide association with bone mass and geometry in the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"8","author":"Kiel","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3160","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003160","article-title":"Identification of PLCL1 gene for hip bone size variation in females in a genome-wide association study","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.02.004","article-title":"Genome-wide association and replication studies identified TRHR as an important gene for lean body mass","volume":"84","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8685","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701361104","article-title":"The human disease network","volume":"104","author":"Goh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4205","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti688","article-title":"Interactome-transcriptome analysis reveals the high centrality of genes differentially expressed in lung cancer tissues","volume":"21","author":"Wachi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1159\/000083539","article-title":"Defining the phenotype in human genetic studies: forward genetics and reverse phenotyping","volume":"58","author":"Schulze","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Hered."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk115","article-title":"Age, Gene\/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study: multidisciplinary applied phenomics","volume":"165","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200607-142JG","article-title":"Computational approaches to phenotyping: high-throughput phenomics","volume":"4","author":"Lussier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0172-4","article-title":"An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures","volume":"17","author":"Johnell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1040","article-title":"Relevance of the genes for bone mass variation to susceptibility to osteoporotic fractures and its implications to gene search for complex human diseases","volume":"22","author":"Deng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041015","article-title":"Risk of wrist fracture in women is heritable and is influenced by genes that are largely independent of those influencing BMD","volume":"20","author":"Andrew","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg176","article-title":"Association of 5' estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density, vertebral bone area and fracture risk","volume":"12","author":"van Meurs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-0019-4","article-title":"Femur strength index predicts hip fracture independent of bone density and hip axis length","volume":"17","author":"Faulkner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050135","article-title":"How to use ultrasound for risk assessment: a need for defining strategies","volume":"9","author":"Gluer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7041.1254","article-title":"Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures [see comments]","volume":"312","author":"Marshall","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-0014-9","article-title":"The use of multiple sites for the diagnosis of osteoporosis","volume":"17","author":"Kanis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.5.901","article-title":"Classification of osteoporosis based on bone mineral densities","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080802","article-title":"Prediction of incident hip fracture risk by femur geometry variables measured by hip structural analysis in the study of osteoporotic fractures","volume":"23","author":"Kaptoge","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.15","article-title":"Systems analysis of bone","volume":"14","author":"Jepsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"WIREs Syst Biol Med."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2005.031032.x","article-title":"Tight clustering: a resampling-based approach for identifying stable and tight patterns in data","volume":"61","author":"Tseng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biometrics."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1972.10481214","article-title":"Direct clustering of a data matrix","volume":"67","author":"Hartigan","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib25","first-page":"93","article-title":"Biclustering of expression data","volume":"8","author":"Cheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Intell Syst Mol Biol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.648603","article-title":"Spectral biclustering of microarray data: coclustering genes and conditions","volume":"13","author":"Kluger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2004.2","article-title":"Biclustering algorithms for biological data analysis: a survey","volume":"1","author":"Madeira","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2024020318040290200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-S1-S4","article-title":"Bayesian biclustering of gene expression data","volume":"9","author":"Gu","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genomics."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib29","author":"Gupta","year":"2010"},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2003-4-5-317","article-title":"The modular era of functional genomics","volume":"4","author":"Segal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.4.710","article-title":"Risk factors for longitudinal bone loss in elderly men and women: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study","volume":"15","author":"Hannan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.9.1718","article-title":"Genome screen for quantitative trait loci contributing to normal variation in bone mineral density: the Framingham Study","volume":"17","author":"Karasik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.09.020","article-title":"Proximal hip geometry is linked to several chromosomal regions: Genome-wide linkage results from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study","volume":"40","author":"Demissie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.081222","article-title":"Bivariate genome-wide linkage analysis of femoral bone traits and leg lean mass: Framingham study","volume":"24","author":"Karasik","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.38","article-title":"Genome-wide pleiotropy of osteoporosis-related phenotypes: The Framingham Study","volume":"25","author":"Karasik","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010263","article-title":"Elderly cohort study subjects unable to return for follow-up have lower bone mass than those who can return","volume":"151","author":"McLean","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.03.007","article-title":"In vivo short-term precision of hip structure analysis variables in comparison with bone mineral density using paired dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans from multi-center clinical trials","volume":"37","author":"Khoo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199806)41:6<1064::AID-ART13>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Evidence for Mendelian gene in a segregation analysis of generalized radiographic osteoarthritis","volume":"41","author":"Felson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10149","article-title":"Genome Scan for Quantity of Hand Osteoarthritis: The Framingham Study","volume":"46","author":"Demissie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20791","article-title":"A genome wide linkage scan of metacarpal size and geometry in the Framingham Study","volume":"20","author":"Karasik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01774016","article-title":"Accurate assessment of precision errors: how to measure the reproducibility of bone densitometry techniques","volume":"5","author":"Gluer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330260306","article-title":"Continuing bone growth throughout life: a general phenomenon","volume":"26","author":"Garn","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2272(200012)19:4<410::AID-GEPI11>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Evidence on major gene control of cortical bone loss in human population","volume":"19","author":"Karasik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330590415","article-title":"Cortical bone loss and measurements of the second metacarpal bone. I. Comparisons between adult Guamanian Chamorros and American Caucasians","volume":"59","author":"Plato","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1979.03630450011006","article-title":"Some health benefits of physical activity. The Framingham Study","volume":"139","author":"Kannel","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1847","article-title":"Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies","volume":"38","author":"Price","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"2024020318040290200_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1986.tb01037.x","article-title":"The use of measured genotype information in the analysis of quantitative phenotypes in man. I. Models and analytical methods","volume":"50","author":"Boerwinkle","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth457","article-title":"Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps","volume":"21","author":"Barrett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib49","first-page":"317","article-title":"Evolutionary Monte Carlo: applications to model sampling and change point problem","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Statistica Sinica."},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"2024020318040290200_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.2008.00447.x","article-title":"Contribution of gender-specific genetic factors to osteoporosis risk","volume":"72","author":"Karasik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(03)00173-X","article-title":"Age, gender, and body mass effects on quantitative trait loci for bone mineral density: the Framingham study","volume":"33","author":"Karasik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20010108)105:1<42::AID-AJMG1055>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Endophenotypes as quantitative risk factors for psychiatric disease: rationale and study design","volume":"105","author":"Almasy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1086\/302038","article-title":"Multiple phenotype modeling in gene-mapping studies of quantitative traits: power advantages","volume":"63","author":"Allison","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070712","article-title":"Femoral neck BMD is a strong predictor of hip fracture susceptibility in elderly men and women because it detects cortical bone instability: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"22","author":"Rivadeneira","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01626531","article-title":"Computed radiographic absorptiometry and morphometry in the assessment of postmenopausal bone loss","volume":"6","author":"Adami","year":"1996","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-66-785-435","article-title":"Relationships between metacarpal morphometry, forearm and vertebral bone density and fractures in post-menopausal women","volume":"66","author":"Wishart","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Radiol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.12.2260","article-title":"Can metacarpal cortical area predict the occurrence of hip fracture in women and men over 3 decades of follow-up? Results from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study","volume":"16","author":"Kiel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2005.10.028","article-title":"Molecular pathways mediating mechanical signaling in bone","volume":"367","author":"Rubin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gene."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.90247.2008","article-title":"Prioritization of candidate disease genes for metabolic syndrome by computational analysis of its defining phenotypes","volume":"35","author":"Tiffin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.03.055","article-title":"Diuretics and bone loss in rats with aldosteronism","volume":"46","author":"Law","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2023","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00477.2004","article-title":"Loss of bone minerals and strength in rats with aldosteronism","volume":"287","author":"Chhokar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.8.1496","article-title":"Colocalization of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in human bone","volume":"16","author":"Beavan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000258414.59393.89","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor activation promotes vascular cell calcification","volume":"27","author":"Jaffe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4989","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0026","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase\/Akt signal relay cooperates with smad in bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) expression and osteoclast differentiation","volume":"150","author":"Mandal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05346.x","article-title":"Cbl-phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase interaction differentially regulates macrophage colony-stimulating factor-mediated osteoclast survival and cytoskeletal reorganization","volume":"1192","author":"Adapala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26233","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.122069","article-title":"Synergism between Wnt3a and heparin enhances osteogenesis via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase\/Akt\/RUNX2 pathway","volume":"285","author":"Ling","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4897","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M805432200","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 promotes osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal cells via ERK1\/2 and protein kinase C signaling","volume":"284","author":"Miraoui","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib68","first-page":"1125","article-title":"The expression profile of PKC isoforms during MC3T3-E1 differentiation","volume":"17","author":"Lampasso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090806","article-title":"Wnt Inhibitors Dkk1 and Sost are downstream targets of BMP signaling through the type IA receptor (BMPRIA) in osteoblasts","volume":"25","author":"Kamiya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050614","article-title":"Downregulation of Wnt signaling by increased expression of Dickkopf-1 and -2 is a prerequisite for late-stage osteoblast differentiation of KS483cells","volume":"20","author":"van der Horst","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19883","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413274200","article-title":"Sclerostin binds to LRP5\/6 and antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling","volume":"280","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0583-5","article-title":"The association of Parkinson's disease with bone mineral density and fracture in older women","volume":"19","author":"Schneider","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0584-4","article-title":"Association of Parkinson's disease with accelerated bone loss, fractures and mortality in older men: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study","volume":"19","author":"Fink","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00593-2","article-title":"Neurotransmitter action in osteoblasts: expression of a functional system for serotonin receptor activation and reuptake","volume":"29","author":"Bliziotes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2007.12.005","article-title":"Phenome connections","volume":"24","author":"Oti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030069","article-title":"Increasing the power to detect causal associations by combining genotypic and expression data in segregating populations","volume":"3","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1383","article-title":"From syndrome families to functional genomics","volume":"5","author":"Brunner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201585","article-title":"A text-mining analysis of the human phenome","volume":"14","author":"van Driel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp159","article-title":"Integrated associations of genotypes with multiple blood biomarkers linked to coronary heart disease risk","volume":"18","author":"Drenos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.20395","article-title":"Using genome-wide pathway analysis to unravel the etiology of complex diseases","volume":"33","author":"Elbers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol."},{"key":"2024020318040290200_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1086\/522374","article-title":"Pathway-Based Approaches for Analysis of Genomewide Association Studies","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbmr.333","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/26\/6\/1261\/56558745\/333_ftp.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/26\/6\/1261\/56558745\/333_ftp.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T15:00:31Z","timestamp":1710342031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/26\/6\/1261-1271\/7598071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.333","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]]}}}