{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:33:15Z","timestamp":1791261195627,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2255,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although prior falls are a well-established predictor of future fracture, there is currently limited evidence regarding the specific value of falls history in fracture risk assessment relative to that of other clinical risk factors and bone mineral density (BMD) measurement. We therefore investigated, across the three Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study cohorts, whether past falls predicted future fracture independently of FRAX and whether these associations varied with age and follow-up time. Elderly men were recruited from MrOS Sweden, Hong Kong, and USA. Baseline data included falls history (over the preceding 12 months), clinical risk factors, BMD at femoral neck, and calculated FRAX probabilities. An extension of Poisson regression was used to investigate the associations between falls, FRAX probability, and incident fracture, adjusting for age, time since baseline, and cohort in base models; further models were used to investigate interactions with age and follow-up time. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to synthesize the individual country associations. Information on falls and FRAX probability was available for 4365 men in USA (mean age 73.5 years; mean follow-up 10.8 years), 1823 men in Sweden (mean age 75.4 years; mean follow-up 8.7 years), and 1669 men in Hong Kong (mean age 72.4 years; mean follow-up 9.8 years). Rates of past falls were similar at 20%, 16%, and 15%, respectively. Across all cohorts, past falls predicted incident fracture at any site (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20091.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49, 1.90), major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) (HR\u2009=\u20091.56; 95% CI 1.33, 1.83), and hip fracture (HR\u2009=\u20091.61; 95% CI 1.27, 2.05). Relationships between past falls and incident fracture remained robust after adjustment for FRAX probability: adjusted HR (95% CI) any fracture: 1.63 (1.45, 1.83); MOF: 1.51 (1.32, 1.73); and hip: 1.54 (1.21, 1.95). In conclusion, past falls predicted incident fracture independently of FRAX probability, confirming the potential value of falls history in fracture risk assessment. \u00a9 2017 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1512745267000},"page":"510-516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Falls Predict Fractures Independently of FRAX Probability: A Meta-Analysis of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Nicholas C","family":"Harvey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK"},{"name":"MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology UnitUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Od\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Metabolic Bone DiseasesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK"},{"name":"Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Orwoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi","family":"Lapidus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Division of BiostatisticsOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and School of Public HealthThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus K","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences MalmoLund University and Department of Orthopedics, Skane University HospitalMalmoSweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn E","family":"Rosengren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences MalmoLund University and Department of Orthopedics, Skane University HospitalMalmoSweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6sten","family":"Ljunggren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of UppsalaUppsalaSweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrus","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK"},{"name":"NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK"},{"name":"MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology UnitUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"McCloskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Mellanby Centre for Bone ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK"},{"name":"Centre for Metabolic Bone DiseasesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A","family":"Kanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and AgingCatholic University of AustraliaMelbourneAustralia"},{"name":"Centre for Metabolic Bone DiseasesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claes","family":"Ohlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Mellstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and AgingCatholic University of AustraliaMelbourneAustralia"},{"name":"Centre for Metabolic Bone DiseasesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK"},{"name":"Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of 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