{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T16:30:24Z","timestamp":1793896224502,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amgen and Merck"},{"name":"NIH grant","award":["R44 AR057616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44 AR057616"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Methods now exist for analyzing previously taken clinical computed tomography (CT) scans to measure a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-equivalent bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and a finite element analysis\u2013derived femoral strength. We assessed the efficacy of this \u201cbiomechanical CT\u201d (BCT) approach for identifying patients at high risk of incident hip fracture in a large clinical setting. Using a case-cohort design sampled from 111,694 women and men aged 65 or older who had a prior hip CT scan, a DXA within 3 years of the CT, and no prior hip fracture, we compared those with subsequent hip fracture (n\u2009=\u20091959) with randomly selected sex-stratified controls (n\u2009=\u20091979) and analyzed their CT scans blinded to all other data. We found that the age-, race-, and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted hazard ratio (HR; per standard deviation) for femoral strength was significant before (women: HR\u2009=\u20092.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2\u20133.5; men: 2.8, 2.1\u20133.7) and after adjusting also for the (lowest) hip BMD T-score by BCT (women: 2.1, 1.4\u20133.2; men: 2.7, 1.6\u20134.6). The hazard ratio for the hip BMD T-score was similar between BCT and DXA for both sexes (women: 2.1, 1.8\u20132.5 BCT versus 2.1, 1.7\u20132.5 DXA; men: 2.8, 2.1\u20133.8 BCT versus 2.5, 2.0\u20133.2 DXA) and was higher than for the (lowest) spine\/hip BMD T-score by DXA (women: 1.6, 1.4\u20131.9; men: 2.1, 1.6\u20132.7). Compared with the latter as a clinical-practice reference and using both femoral strength and the hip BMD T-score from BCT, sensitivity for predicting hip fracture was higher for BCT (women: 0.66 versus 0.59; men: 0.56 versus 0.48), with comparable respective specificity (women: 0.66 versus 0.67; men: 0.76 versus 0.78). We conclude that BCT analysis of previously acquired routine abdominal or pelvic CT scans is at least as effective as DXA testing for identifying patients at high risk of hip fracture. \u00a9 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T20:21:16Z","timestamp":1523996476000},"page":"1291-1301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Osteoporosis and Hip Fracture Risk From Routine Computed Tomography Scans: The Fracture, Osteoporosis, and CT Utilization Study (FOCUS)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Annette L","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and EvaluationKaiser Permanente Southern CaliforniaPasadenaCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and EvaluationKaiser Permanente Southern CaliforniaPasadenaCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L","family":"Kopperdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"O.N. DiagnosticsBerkeleyCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"O.N. DiagnosticsBerkeleyCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis M","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary L","family":"Bouxsein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Biomechanics LaboratoryBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shireen","family":"Fatemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EndocrinologyKaiser Permanente Southern CaliforniaPanorama CityCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sundeep","family":"Khosla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kogod Center on Aging and Division of EndocrinologyMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S","family":"Orwoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Mineral UnitOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethel S","family":"Siris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toni Stabile Osteoporosis CenterDepartment of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony M","family":"Keaveny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Mechanical Engineering and BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061113","article-title":"Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005-2025","volume":"22","author":"Burge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2007.10.001","article-title":"A national perspective of Medicare expenditures for elderly veterans with hip fractures","volume":"9","author":"Bass","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1580","article-title":"More bone density testing is needed, not less","volume":"27","author":"Lewiecki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.189","article-title":"Estimating bisphosphonate use and fracture reduction among US women aged 45 years and older, 2001-2008","volume":"26","author":"Siris","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2015.01.010","article-title":"Osteoporosis: screening, prevention, and management","volume":"99","author":"Golob","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Clin N Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0233","article-title":"Medicare payment cuts for osteoporosis testing reduced use despite tests\u2019 benefit in reducing fractures","volume":"30","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988313478826","article-title":"Screening for osteoporosis in men aged 70 years and older in a primary care setting in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1534","article-title":"Central DXA utilization shifts from office-based to hospital-based settings among Medicare beneficiaries in the wake of reimbursement changes","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.17820","article-title":"Predicting future hip fractures on routine abdominal CT using opportunistic osteoporosis screening measures: a matched case-control study","volume":"209","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2856","article-title":"Opportunistic quantitative CT bone mineral density measurement at the proximal femur using routine contrast-enhanced scans: direct comparison with DXA in 355 adults","volume":"31","author":"Ziemlewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2015.04.018","article-title":"Opportunistic osteoporosis screening: addition of quantitative CT bone mineral density evaluation to CT colonography","volume":"12","author":"Ziemlewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2014.03.002","article-title":"Comparison of femoral neck BMD evaluation obtained using Lunar DXA and QCT with asynchronous calibration from CT colonography","volume":"18","author":"Pickhardt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.15128","article-title":"Direct comparison of unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT for opportunistic proximal femur bone mineral density measurement: implications for osteoporosis screening","volume":"206","author":"Ziemlewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.478","article-title":"Validation of a CT-derived method for osteoporosis screening in IBD patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT enterography","volume":"109","author":"Weber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015141984","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of osteoporosis and bone fragility with CT colonography","volume":"278","author":"Fidler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.04.008","article-title":"Vertebral and femoral bone mineral density and bone strength in prostate cancer patients assessed in phantomless PET\/CT examinations","volume":"101","author":"Schwaiger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.07.029","article-title":"Phantomless calibration of CT scans for measurement of BMD and bone strength\u2014inter-operator reanalysis precision","volume":"103","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"22","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.440","article-title":"Projected cancer risks from computed tomographic scans performed in the United States in 2007","volume":"169","author":"Berrington de Gonzalez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05348.x","article-title":"Biomechanical computed tomography-noninvasive bone strength analysis using clinical computed tomography scans","volume":"1192","author":"Keaveny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2069","article-title":"Assessment of incident spine and hip fractures in women and men using finite element analysis of CT scans","volume":"29","author":"Kopperdahl","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.081201","article-title":"Finite element analysis of the proximal femur and hip fracture risk in older men","volume":"24","author":"Orwoll","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.682","article-title":"Male-female differences in the association between incident hip fracture and proximal femoral strength: a finite element analysis study","volume":"48","author":"Keyak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.04.241","article-title":"Prediction of proximal femur strength using a CT-based nonlinear finite element method: differences in predicted fracture load and site with changing load and boundary conditions","volume":"45","author":"Bessho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2459-6","article-title":"Classification of women with and without hip fracture based on quantitative computed tomography and finite element analysis","volume":"25","author":"Nishiyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3597-4","article-title":"Patient-specific finite element estimated femur strength as a predictor of the risk of hip fracture: the effect of methodological determinants","volume":"27","author":"Qasim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.06.038","article-title":"Multiple loading conditions analysis can improve the association between finite element bone strength estimates and proximal femur fractures: a preliminary study in elderly women","volume":"67","author":"Falcinelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0027","author":"Rothman","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.091033","article-title":"Age-dependence of femoral strength in white women and men","volume":"25","author":"Keaveny","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.07.023","article-title":"Comparison of non-invasive assessments of strength of the proximal femur","volume":"105","author":"Johannesdottir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2013.08.004","article-title":"Executive summary of the 2013 International Society for Clinical Densitometry Position Development Conference on bone densitometry","volume":"16","author":"Schousboe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050093","article-title":"Updated data on proximal femur bone mineral levels of US adults","volume":"8","author":"Looker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.06.1006","article-title":"Volumetric quantitative CT of the spine and hip derived from contrast-enhanced MDCT: conversion factors","volume":"188","author":"Bauer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00521","article-title":"Osteoporosis disease management: what every orthopaedic surgeon should know","volume":"91","author":"Dell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1361","article-title":"Treatment of low bone density or osteoporosis to prevent fractures in men and women: a clinical practice guideline update from the American College of Physicians","volume":"166","author":"Qaseem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp055","article-title":"Using the whole cohort in the analysis of case-cohort data","volume":"169","author":"Breslow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3803","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2098","article-title":"Choice of time-scale in Cox's model analysis of epidemiologic cohort data: a simulation study","volume":"23","author":"Thiebaut","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2015.06.011","article-title":"Clinical use of quantitative computed tomography-based finite element analysis of the hip and spine in the management of osteoporosis in adults: the 2015 ISCD official positions-part II","volume":"18","author":"Zysset","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2017","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the association of fracture risk and body mass index in women","volume":"29","author":"Johansson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.347","article-title":"Association of hip strength estimates by finite-element analysis with fractures in women and men","volume":"26","author":"Amin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-0014-9","article-title":"The use of multiple sites for the diagnosis of osteoporosis","volume":"17","author":"Kanis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2033","article-title":"Microstructural failure mechanisms in the human proximal femur for sideways fall loading","volume":"29","author":"Nawathe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.10.020","article-title":"Focal osteoporosis defects play a key role in hip fracture","volume":"94","author":"Poole","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3324-6","article-title":"QCT of the proximal femur\u2014which parameters should be measured to discriminate hip fracture","volume":"27","author":"Museyko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4390","article-title":"Hip axis length is a FRAX- and bone density-independent risk factor for hip fracture in women","volume":"100","author":"Leslie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.428","article-title":"Simultaneous screening for osteoporosis at CT colonography: bone mineral density assessment using MDCT attenuation techniques compared with the DXA reference standard","volume":"26","author":"Pickhardt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e3182032537","article-title":"Feasibility of simultaneous computed tomographic colonography and fully automated bone mineral densitometry in a single examination","volume":"35","author":"Summers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-8-201304160-00003","article-title":"Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis using abdominal computed tomography scans obtained for other indications","volume":"158","author":"Pickhardt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.02.008","article-title":"Phantom-less QCT BMD system as screening tool for osteoporosis without additional radiation","volume":"79","author":"Mueller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2015.11.001","article-title":"Asynchronously calibrated quantitative bone densitometry","volume":"20","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2007.03.002","article-title":"Effect of precision error on T-scores and the diagnostic classification of bone status","volume":"10","author":"Kiebzak","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2269","article-title":"The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine","volume":"29","author":"Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161435.GL","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis - 2016","volume":"22","author":"Camacho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2794-2","article-title":"Clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis","volume":"25","author":"Cosman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0343-y","article-title":"The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women","volume":"18","author":"Kanis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1822-8","article-title":"Relationship of femoral neck areal bone mineral density to volumetric bone mineral density, bone size, and femoral strength in men and women","volume":"23","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.02.022","article-title":"DXA in vivo BMD methodology: an erroneous and misleading research and clinical gauge of bone mineral status, bone fragility, and bone remodelling","volume":"41","author":"Bolotin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014325611900_jbmr3423-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017161259","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of virtual bone strength testing in osteoporosis screening programs for postmenopausal women in the United States","volume":"285","author":"Agten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbmr.3423","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/33\/7\/1291\/56650123\/jbmr3423.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/33\/7\/1291\/56650123\/jbmr3423.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T15:01:33Z","timestamp":1710342093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/33\/7\/1291-1301\/7605282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3423","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-10-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}