{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:43:05Z","timestamp":1790800985935,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No 2015\/03796\u20106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 2015\/03796\u20106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Bone mineral density (BMD) loss is a known complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its treatment, particularly with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-containing antiretroviral regimens. Although renal proximal tubular dysfunction and phosphaturia is common with TDF, it is unknown whether BMD loss results from inadequate mineralization. We evaluated change in BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone histomorphometry by tetracycline double-labeled transiliac crest biopsies in young men living with HIV before (n\u2009=\u200920) and 12 months after (n\u2009=\u200916) initiating TDF\/lamivudine\/efavirenz. We examined relationships between calciotropic hormones, urinary phosphate excretion, pro-inflammatory and pro-resorptive cytokines, and bone remodeling-related proteins with changes in BMD and histomorphometry. Mean age was 29.6\u2009\u00b1\u20095.5 years, with mean CD4\u2009+\u2009T cell count of 473\u2009\u00b1\u2009196 cells\/mm3. At baseline, decreased bone formation rate and increased mineralization lag time were identified in 16 (80%) and 12 (60%) patients, respectively. After 12 months, we detected a 2% to 3% decrease in lumbar spine and hip BMD by DXA. By histomorphometry, we observed no change in bone volume\/total volume (BV\/TV) and trabecular parameters, but rather, increases in cortical thickness, osteoid volume, and osteoblast and osteoclast surfaces. We did not observe significant worsening of renal phosphate excretion or mineralization parameters. Increases in PTH correlated with decreased BMD but not histomorphometric parameters. Overall, these data suggest abnormalities in bone formation and mineralization occur with HIV infection and are evident at early stages. With TDF-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is an increase in bone remodeling, reflected by increased osteoblast and osteoclast surfaces, but a persistence in mineralization defect, resulting in increased osteoid volume. \u00a9 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T17:39:22Z","timestamp":1562175562000},"page":"1574-1584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate<i>\u2013<\/i>Containing Antiretrovirals Maintains Low Bone Formation Rate, But Increases Osteoid Volume on Bone Histomorphometry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2708-7383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janaina","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica 16, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Steller Wagner","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica 16, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Galv\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation in Medicine Department Universidade Nove de Julho Sao Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luzia N","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica 16, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wagner V","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica 16, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivone B","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica 16, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciene M","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica 16, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3723-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa MR","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Laboratory Metabolism, Rheumatology Division Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8870-1896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas L","family":"Nickolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margareth","family":"Eira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Department Universidade Cidade de S\u00e3o Paulo-UNICID Sao Paulo SP Brazil"},{"name":"Ambulatory Division Instituto de Infectologia Em\u00edlio Ribas Sao Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanda","family":"Jorgetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dialysis Division Hospital Samaritano Americas Servi\u00e7os M\u00e9dicos Sao Paulo SP Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica 16, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7902-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa MA","family":"Moyses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation in Medicine Department Universidade Nove de Julho Sao Paulo SP Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica 16, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2024021014432633200_jbmr3751-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12520","article-title":"HIV infection and bone disease","volume":"280","author":"Compston","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Intern 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