{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:55:30Z","timestamp":1789559730076,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Studies examining the relationship between total circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and bone mineral density (BMD) have yielded mixed results. Vitamin D\u2013binding protein (DBP), the major carrier protein for 25(OH)D, may alter the biologic activity of circulating vitamin D. We hypothesized that free and bioavailable 25(OH)D, calculated from total 25(OH)D, DBP, and serum albumin levels, would be more strongly associated with BMD than levels of total 25(OH)D. We measured total 25(OH)D, DBP, and serum albumin levels in 49 healthy young adults enrolled in the Metabolic Abnormalities in College-Aged Students (MACS) study. Lumbar spine BMD was measured in all subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Clinical, diet, and laboratory information also was gathered at this time. We determined free and bioavailable (free\u2009+\u2009albumin-bound) 25(OH)D using previously validated formulas and examined their associations with BMD. BMD was not associated with total 25(OH)D levels (r\u2009=\u20090.172, p\u2009=\u2009.236). In contrast, free and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated with BMD (r\u2009=\u20090.413, p\u2009=\u2009.003 for free, r\u2009=\u20090.441, p\u2009=\u2009.002 for bioavailable). Bioavailable 25(OH)D levels remained independently associated with BMD in multivariate regression models adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and race (p\u2009=\u2009.03). It is concluded that free and bioavailable 25(OH)D are more strongly correlated with BMD than total 25(OH)D. These findings have important implications for vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D\u2013deficient states. Future studies should continue to explore the relationship between free and bioavailable 25(OH)D and health outcomes. \u00a9 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T11:39:39Z","timestamp":1300361979000},"page":"1609-1616","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":308,"title":["Vitamin D\u2013binding protein modifies the vitamin D\u2013bone mineral density relationship"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Camille E","family":"Powe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders H","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delger","family":"Erdenesanaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Collerone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Ankers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Wenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S Ananth","family":"Karumanchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Thadhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishir","family":"Bhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020318020992600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803193381201","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients","volume":"338","author":"Thomas","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2024020318020992600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2024020318020992600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21601","article-title":"Positive association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and bone density in osteoarthritis","volume":"53","author":"Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2024020318020992600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030817","article-title":"Vitamin D status as a determinant of peak bone mass in young Finnish men","volume":"89","author":"Valimaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2024020318020992600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.12.029","article-title":"Positive association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and bone mineral density: a population-based study of younger and older adults","volume":"116","author":"Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"key":"2024020318020992600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.7.1167","article-title":"Hormonal predictors of bone loss in elderly women: a prospective study. 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