{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:11:36Z","timestamp":1772118696612,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F32AR075387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F32AR075387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 HD070394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 HD070394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"BCM Advanced Technology Cores","award":["RR024574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RR024574"]}]},{"name":"BCM Advanced Technology Cores","award":["CA125123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA125123"]}]},{"name":"BCM Advanced Technology Cores","award":["AI036211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI036211"]}]},{"name":"BCM Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center","award":["HD024064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD024064"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013995","name":"Sanofi Genzyme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F32AR075387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F32AR075387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 HD070394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 HD070394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013995","name":"Sanofi Genzyme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic bone dysplasia characterized by bone deformities and fractures caused by low bone mass and impaired bone quality. OI is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that most commonly arises from dominant mutations in genes encoding type I collagen (COL1A1 and COL1A2). In addition, OI is recessively inherited with the majority of cases resulting from mutations in prolyl-3-hydroxylation complex members, which includes cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP). OI patients are at an increased risk of fracture throughout their lifetimes. However, non-union or delayed healing has been reported in 24% of fractures and 52% of osteotomies. Additionally, refractures typically go unreported, making the frequency of refractures in OI patients unknown. Thus, there is an unmet need to better understand the mechanisms by which OI affects fracture healing. Using an open tibial fracture model, our study demonstrates delayed healing in both Col1a2 G610c\/+ and Crtap \u2212\/\u2212 OI mouse models (dominant and recessive OI, respectively) that is associated with reduced callus size and predicted strength. Callus cartilage distribution and chondrocyte maturation were altered in OI, suggesting accelerated cartilage differentiation. Importantly, we determined that healed fractured tibia in female OI mice are biomechanically weaker when compared with the contralateral unfractured bone, suggesting that abnormal OI fracture healing OI may prime future refracture at the same location. We have previously shown upregulated TGF-\u03b2 signaling in OI and we confirm this in the context of fracture healing. Interestingly, treatment of Crtap \u2212\/\u2212 mice with the anti-TGF-\u03b2 antibody 1D11 resulted in further reduced callus size and predicted strength, highlighting the importance of investigating dose response in treatment strategies. These data provide valuable insight into the effect of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on fracture healing, a poorly understood mechanism, and support the need for prevention of primary fractures to decrease incidence of refracture and deformity in OI patients. \u00a9 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T11:32:17Z","timestamp":1581593537000},"page":"1132-1148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Fracture Healing in Collagen-Related Preclinical Models of Osteogenesis Imperfecta"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1650-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Zieba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elda","family":"Munivez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Castellon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Ming","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine G","family":"Ambrose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8573-4211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.81","article-title":"New perspectives on osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"7","author":"Forlino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"issue":"9418","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16051-0","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"363","author":"Rauch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-110711-155608","article-title":"Recessively inherited forms of osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"46","author":"Byers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet."},{"issue":"12","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20799","article-title":"CRTAP and LEPRE1 mutations in recessive osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"29","author":"Baldridge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Mutat."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907705","article-title":"Lack of cyclophilin B in osteogenesis imperfecta with normal collagen folding","volume":"362","author":"Barnes","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"26","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063804","article-title":"Deficiency of cartilage-associated protein in recessive lethal osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"355","author":"Barnes","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1968","article-title":"Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 deficiency causes a recessive metabolic bone disorder resembling lethal\/severe osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"39","author":"Cabral","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.08.039","article-title":"CRTAP is required for prolyl 3-hydroxylation and mutations cause recessive osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"127","author":"Morello","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr037","article-title":"Mutations in PPIB (cyclophilin B) delay type I procollagen chain association and result in perinatal lethal to moderate osteogenesis imperfecta phenotypes","volume":"20","author":"Pyott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3544","article-title":"Excessive transforming growth factor-beta signaling is a common mechanism in osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"20","author":"Grafe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(00)00269-6","article-title":"Static and dynamic bone histomorphometry in children with osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"26","author":"Rauch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00790-1","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta type VII: an autosomal recessive form of brittle bone disease","volume":"31","author":"Ward","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2920","article-title":"Fracture rates and fracture sites in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta: a nationwide register-based cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Folkestad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.01185","article-title":"Locking plate placement with unicortical screw fixation adjunctive to intramedullary rodding in long bones of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"97","author":"Cho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.06.029","article-title":"Physical training in children with osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"152","author":"Van Brussel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.573","article-title":"Intravenous bisphosphonate therapy in children with osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"111","author":"Falk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041232","article-title":"Intravenous neridronate in children with osteogenesis imperfecta: a randomized controlled study","volume":"20","author":"Gatti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"14","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810013391402","article-title":"Cyclic administration of pamidronate in children with severe osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"339","author":"Glorieux","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050109","article-title":"Controlled trial of pamidronate in children with types III and IV osteogenesis imperfecta confirms vertebral gains but not short-term functional improvement","volume":"20","author":"Letocha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.4.610","article-title":"Bone mass, size, and density in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta: effect of intravenous pamidronate therapy","volume":"18","author":"Rauch","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0636","article-title":"Alendronate for the treatment of pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta: a randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"96","author":"Ward","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.1.126","article-title":"Intravenous neridronate in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"18","author":"Adami","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.051015","article-title":"Effects of oral alendronate on BMD in adult patients with osteogenesis imperfecta: a 3-year randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Chevrel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2410","article-title":"Bisphosphonates for the prevention of fractures in osteogenesis imperfecta: meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials","volume":"30","author":"Hald","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090213","article-title":"Risedronate in the treatment of mild pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta: a randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"24","author":"Rauch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2018.03.010","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta and therapeutics","author":"Morello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040814","article-title":"Delayed osteotomy but not fracture healing in pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta patients receiving pamidronate","volume":"19","author":"Munns","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-018-0461-x","article-title":"Early fracture healing is delayed in the Col1a2(+\/G610C) osteogenesis imperfecta murine model","volume":"103","author":"Besio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20469","article-title":"The effects of RANKL inhibition on fracture healing and bone strength in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"26","author":"Delos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23460","article-title":"Fracture healing physiology and the quest for therapies for delayed healing and nonunion","volume":"35","author":"Kostenuik","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.164","article-title":"Fracture healing: mechanisms and interventions","volume":"11","author":"Einhorn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2008.07.004","article-title":"Bone remodeling during fracture repair: the cellular picture","volume":"19","author":"Schindeler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20628","article-title":"Models of tibial fracture healing in normal and Nf1-deficient mice","volume":"26","author":"Schindeler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26042","article-title":"The roles of signaling pathways in bone repair and regeneration","volume":"233","author":"Majidinia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1979","article-title":"TGF-beta1-induced migration of bone mesenchymal stem cells couples bone resorption with formation","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2004-0001","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta1 to the bone","volume":"26","author":"Janssens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.03.055","article-title":"Elevated transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) levels in human fracture healing","volume":"42","author":"Sarahrudi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.1289","article-title":"TGF-beta, BMPS, and their signal transducing mediators, Smads, in rat fracture healing","volume":"60","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0120857","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120857","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta signaling is essential for the autonomous formation of cartilage-like tissue by expanded chondrocytes","volume":"10","author":"Tekari","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21058","article-title":"TGFbeta signaling in cartilage development and maintenance","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1993.1200","article-title":"TGF-beta 1 prevents hypertrophy of epiphyseal chondrocytes: regulation of gene expression for cartilage matrix proteins and metalloproteases","volume":"158","author":"Ballock","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dev Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.1.35","article-title":"TGF-beta\/Smad3 signals repress chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation and are required for maintaining articular cartilage","volume":"153","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20773","article-title":"TGF-beta2 stimulates cranial suture closure through activation of the Erk-MAPK pathway","volume":"98","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(90)90083-B","article-title":"Stimulation of bone formation in vivo by transforming growth factor-beta: remodeling of woven bone and lack of inhibition by indomethacin","volume":"11","author":"Mackie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1179\/his.2008.31.1.19","article-title":"Visualization of different tissues involved in endochondral ossification with Alcian blue hematoxylin and Orange G\/eosin counterstain","volume":"31","author":"Nowalk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Histotechnol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.03.008","article-title":"Micro-computed tomography assessment of the progression of fracture healing in mice","volume":"50","author":"O'Neill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.10.039","article-title":"Micro-computed tomography assessment of fracture healing: relationships among callus structure, composition, and mechanical function","volume":"44","author":"Morgan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.10.023","article-title":"Instability prolongs the chondral phase during bone healing in sheep","volume":"38","author":"Epari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100030413","article-title":"Effect of EHDP on fracture healing in dogs","volume":"3","author":"Lenehan","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Orthop Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15314","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M312525200","article-title":"Impairment of bone healing by insulin receptor substrate-1 deficiency","volume":"279","author":"Shimoaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.6A6959.2006","article-title":"Three-dimensional reconstruction of fracture callus morphogenesis","volume":"54","author":"Gerstenfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.12.111","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress is induced in growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes in G610C mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"509","author":"Scheiber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.02.004","article-title":"Genetic causes and mechanisms of osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"102","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(93)90251-5","article-title":"The effects of growth hormone on fracture healing in rats: a histological description","volume":"14","author":"Mosekilde","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5275","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005275","article-title":"Pharmacologic inhibition of the TGF-beta type I receptor kinase has anabolic and anti-catabolic effects on bone","volume":"4","author":"Mohammad","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.110.6.2195","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta and the initiation of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the rat femur","volume":"110","author":"Joyce","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679308993691","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta enhances fracture healing in rabbit tibiae","volume":"64","author":"Lind","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679408993715","article-title":"Local injection of TGF-beta increases the strength of tibial fractures in the rat","volume":"65","author":"Nielsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand."},{"issue":"12","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0059","first-page":"914","article-title":"Induction of osteogenesis by bovine platelet transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in adult mouse femur","volume":"108","author":"Sun","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00085-R","article-title":"The effect of exogenous transforming growth factor-beta 2 on healing fractures in the rabbit","volume":"16","author":"Critchlow","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"12","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199912000-00009","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein but not transforming growth factor-beta enhances bone formation in canine diaphyseal nonunions implanted with a biodegradable composite polymer","volume":"81","author":"Heckman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"11","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14073","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014073","article-title":"TGF-beta1 as possible link between loss of bone mineral density and chronic inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Ehnert","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-200511000-00013","article-title":"Non-union in osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"14","author":"Agarwal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2486","article-title":"Osteotomy healing in children with osteogenesis imperfecta receiving bisphosphonate treatment","volume":"30","author":"Anam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0065","first-page":"191","article-title":"Conservative versus surgical treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta: a retrospective analysis of 29 patients","volume":"9","author":"Chiarello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab."},{"key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001068","article-title":"Evaluation of fracture and osteotomy union in the setting of osteogenesis imperfecta: reliability of the modified radiographic union score for tibial fractures (RUST)","author":"Franzone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.081002","article-title":"Reduced COX-2 expression in aged mice is associated with impaired fracture healing","volume":"24","author":"Naik","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137823","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/137823","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta family: insight into the role of growth factors in regulation of fracture healing biology and potential clinical applications","volume":"2015","author":"Poniatowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.84.12","article-title":"Delayed expression of circulating TGF-beta1 and BMP-2 levels in human nonunion long bone fracture healing","volume":"84","author":"Hara","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nippon Med Sch."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.02.011","article-title":"TGF-beta1 as a marker of delayed fracture healing","volume":"36","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1080\/00016470310018036","article-title":"Synergistic effect of IGF-I and TGF-beta1 on fracture healing in rats: single versus combined application of IGF-I and TGF-beta1","volume":"74","author":"Schmidmaier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024031418591445600_jbmr3979-bib-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3617","article-title":"Effect of anti-TGF-beta treatment in a mouse model of severe osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"34","author":"Tauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbmr.3979","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbmr.3979","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbmr.3979","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/35\/6\/1132\/55453278\/jbmr3979.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/35\/6\/1132\/55453278\/jbmr3979.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T15:04:27Z","timestamp":1710428667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/35\/6\/1132\/7516453"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3979","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBMR.3979\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBMR.3979\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBMR.3979\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBMR.3979\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBMR.3979\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBMR.3979\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}