{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:09:10Z","timestamp":1772118550976,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this work was to study the risk of pneumonia and pneumonia mortality among patients receiving nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs), non-N-BP anti-osteoporosis medications, and no anti-osteoporosis medications after hip fracture. We studied a historical cohort using a population-wide database. Patients with first hip fracture during 2005\u20132015 were identified and matched by time-dependent propensity score. The cohort was followed until December 31, 2016, to capture any pneumonia and pneumonia mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox-proportional hazards regression. Absolute risk difference (ARD) and number needed to treat (NNT) were calculated. We identified 54,047 patients with hip fracture. Of these, 4041 patients who received N-BPs and 11,802 without anti-osteoporosis medication were propensity score\u2013matched. N-BPs were associated with a significantly lower risk of pneumonia compared with no treatment (6.9 versus 9.0 per 100 person-years; HR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.83), resulting in an ARD of 0.02 and NNT of 46. A similar association was observed with pneumonia mortality (HR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.75). When N-BPs were compared with non-N-BP anti-osteoporosis medications, the association remained significant. N-BPs were associated with lower risks of pneumonia and pneumonia mortality. Randomized controlled trials are now required to determine whether N-BPs, non\u2013vaccine-based medications, can reduce pneumonia incidence in high risk groups. \u00a9 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T00:03:32Z","timestamp":1591142612000},"page":"1676-1684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Nitrogen-Containing Bisphosphonates Are Associated With Reduced Risk of Pneumonia in Patients With Hip Fracture"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Chor-Wing","family":"Sing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas P","family":"Kiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Harvard University Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard B","family":"Hubbard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wallis CY","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Practice and Policy University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy London UK"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria HY","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annie WC","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian CK","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Practice and Policy University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy London UK"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6233-9144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Lung","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2024031419593558800_jbmr4030-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.10.174","article-title":"Metabolic fate of 4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (alendronate) (II): plasma concentration, distribution and excretion after repeated intravenous administration to 7-week old rats and after single intravenous administration to 30-week old rats, and transfer into the fetus and milk in rats","volume":"10","author":"Mochizuki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024031419593558800_jbmr4030-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.13.252","article-title":"Absorption, distribution, excretion, and sex differences in the disposition of the antiosteolytic agent, alendronate after oral administration in rats","volume":"13","author":"Hisaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024031419593558800_jbmr4030-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1839","article-title":"Statin therapy and autoimmune disease: from protein prenylation to immunomodulation","volume":"6","author":"Greenwood","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2024031419593558800_jbmr4030-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201812-2328OC","article-title":"Simvastatin improves neutrophil function and clinical outcomes in pneumonia. 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