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Cellular mechanisms underlying formation of dense bone during development are unknown. Here, we found that osteoblast-like cells synthesizing highly mineralized hearing-related bones produce both type I and type II collagens as the bone matrix, while conventional osteoblasts and chondrocytes primarily produce type I and type II collagens, respectively. Furthermore, these osteoblast-like cells were not labeled in a \u201cconventional osteoblast\u201d-specific green fluorescent protein (GFP) mouse line. Type II collagen-producing osteoblast-like cells were not chondrocytes as they express osteocalcin, localize along alizarin-labeled osteoid, and form osteocyte lacunae and canaliculi, as do conventional osteoblasts. Auditory ossicles and the bony labyrinth exhibit not only higher bone matrix mineralization but also a higher degree of apatite orientation than do long bones. Therefore, we conclude that these type II collagen-producing hypermineralizing osteoblasts (termed here auditory osteoblasts) represent a new osteoblast subtype. \u00a9 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Abstract<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Type II collagen-producing auditory osteoblasts highly mineralize hearing related bones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T14:52:01Z","timestamp":1619535121000},"page":"1535-1547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Hypermineralization of Hearing-Related Bones by a Specific Osteoblast Subtype"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5335-4238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukiko","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo 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