{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:04:53Z","timestamp":1791821093893,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":426,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Althingi"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AR075055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR075055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR057819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR057819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR065645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR065645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AG060917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AG060917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Hjartvernd"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-AG-12100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-AG-12100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AR075055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR075055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR057819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR057819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR065645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR065645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AG060917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AG060917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01\u2010AG\u201012100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01\u2010AG\u201012100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Greater bone marrow adiposity (BMAT) is associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral fractures; less is known about BMAT composition and bone. We studied BMAT composition and bone outcomes in 465 participants from the Age Gene\/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik study. BMAT saturation and unsaturation, measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy, were defined as the ratio of saturated (1.3\u2009ppm peak) or unsaturated (5.3\u2009ppm peak) lipid to total marrow contents, respectively. At baseline and follow-up visits, spine and hip BMD were assessed with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and vertebral fractures were identified with DXA. Incident clinical fractures were identified through medical records for up to 8.8\u2009years of follow-up. Associations between BMAT composition and BMD, bone loss, and fractures were evaluated in adjusted regression models. At baseline, mean \u00b1 standard deviation (SD) participant age was 81.7 \u00b1\u20094.3\u2009years, mean BMAT unsaturation was 3.5% \u00b1\u20091.0%, and mean saturation was 46.3% \u00b1\u20097.2% in the full cohort (47.7% women). Each SD increase in BMAT saturation was associated with lower trabecular BMD: \u221223.6% (spine) and \u221213.0% (total hip) (all p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001). Conversely, BMAT unsaturation (per SD increase) was associated with higher trabecular BMD: +17.5% (spine) and +11.5% (total hip) (all p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). BMAT saturation (per SD increase) was associated with greater risk for prevalent (odds ratio [OR] 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11\u20131.92) and incident (OR 1.55; 95% CI, 1.03\u20132.34) vertebral fracture. BMAT unsaturation (per SD increase) was associated with lower risk for incident vertebral fracture (OR 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38\u20130.89). In gender stratified analyses, BMAT saturation and unsaturation had opposite associations with incident clinical fracture among men. In general, saturated marrow lipids were associated with worse skeletal outcomes, whereas unsaturated lipids were associated with better outcomes. We recommend that future studies of marrow fat and skeletal health report measurements of saturated and unsaturated marrow lipids, rather than total marrow fat content alone. \u00a9 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T11:34:01Z","timestamp":1642419241000},"page":"700-710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Saturated and Unsaturated Bone Marrow Lipids Have Distinct Effects on Bone Density and Fracture Risk in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1239-8955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina N.","family":"Woods","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine UC San Diego La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan K.","family":"Ewing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4750-9125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne L.","family":"Schafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Research Unit San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vilmundur","family":"Gudnason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigurdur","family":"Sigurdsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trisha F.","family":"Hue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah M.","family":"Kado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8535-0920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Vittinghoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3436-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clifford","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical and Translational Research Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI) Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann V.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3949","article-title":"Vertebral bone marrow fat associated with lower trabecular BMD and prevalent vertebral fracture in older adults","volume":"98","author":"Schwartz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3895","article-title":"Greater bone marrow adiposity predicts bone loss in older women","volume":"35","author":"Woods","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2363041425","article-title":"Vertebral bone mineral density, marrow perfusion, and fat content in healthy men and men with osteoporosis: dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and MR spectroscopy","volume":"236","author":"Griffith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2413051858","article-title":"Vertebral marrow fat content and diffusion and perfusion indexes in women with varying bone density: MR evaluation","volume":"241","author":"Griffith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.02.001","article-title":"Vertebral bone marrow fat, bone mineral density and diabetes: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study","volume":"97","author":"Sheu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4164-3","article-title":"Impact of pioglitazone on bone mineral density and bone marrow fat content","volume":"28","author":"Pop","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1950","article-title":"Bone marrow fat composition as a novel imaging biomarker in postmenopausal women with prevalent fragility fractures","volume":"28","author":"Patsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.06.012","article-title":"Non-invasive assessment of hepatic lipid subspecies matched with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease phenotype","volume":"29","author":"Erickson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20367","article-title":"Osteoporosis is associated with increased marrow fat content and decreased marrow fat unsaturation: a proton MR spectroscopy study","volume":"22","author":"Yeung","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk115","article-title":"Age, Gene\/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik study: multidisciplinary applied phenomics","volume":"165","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D800010-JLR200","article-title":"Composition of adipose tissue and marrow fat in humans by 1H NMR at 7 Tesla","volume":"49","author":"Ren","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.200300799","article-title":"1H nuclear magnetic resonance as a fast tool for determining the composition of acyl chains in acylglycerol mixtures","volume":"105","author":"Guillen MaR","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Lipid Sci Technol"},{"key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.08.014","article-title":"Unsaturation level decreased in bone marrow fat of postmenopausal women with low bone density using high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) (1)H NMR spectroscopy","volume":"105","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26828","article-title":"Reliable quantification of marrow fat content and unsaturation level using in vivo MR spectroscopy","volume":"79","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.03.020","article-title":"Increasing sex difference in bone strength in old age: The Age, Gene\/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik study (AGES-REYKJAVIK)","volume":"39","author":"Sigurdsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080915","article-title":"Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique","volume":"8","author":"Genant","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-007-9163-9","article-title":"Inaccuracy in self-report of fractures may underestimate association with health outcomes when compared with medical record based fracture registry","volume":"22","author":"Siggeirsdottir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.06.014","article-title":"Marrow fat composition in anorexia nervosa","volume":"66","author":"Bredella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.11.1947","article-title":"BMD at multiple sites and risk of fracture of multiple types: long-term results from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures","volume":"18","author":"Stone","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060708","article-title":"BMD and risk of hip and nonvertebral fractures in older men: a prospective study and comparison with older women","volume":"21","author":"Cummings","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25976","article-title":"The skeletal cell-derived molecule sclerostin drives bone marrow adipogenesis","volume":"233","author":"Fairfield","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.217","article-title":"Relation of age, gender, and bone mass to circulating sclerostin levels in women and men","volume":"26","author":"Modder","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-2054-6","article-title":"Prediction of bone loss in elderly female subjects by MR perfusion imaging and spectroscopy","volume":"21","author":"Griffith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S229691","article-title":"Saturated fatty acids in obesity-associated inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22757","article-title":"Does vertebral bone marrow fat content correlate with abdominal adipose tissue, lumbar spine bone mineral density, and blood biomarkers in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus?","volume":"35","author":"Baum","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2024012714021077900_jbmr4504-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.12.018","article-title":"Marrow adipose tissue composition in adults with morbid obesity","volume":"97","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbmr.4504","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbmr.4504","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/37\/4\/700\/55458276\/jbmr4504.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/37\/4\/700\/55458276\/jbmr4504.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T11:08:28Z","timestamp":1710328108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/37\/4\/700-710\/7516727"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.4504","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBMR.4504\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBMR.4504\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBMR.4504\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBMR.4504\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBMR.4504\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBMR.4504\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBMR.4504\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}