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This rare disorder is associated with a variety of complications. The prevalence, incidence, mortality, financial burden, and epidemiology of complications of this disorder are not well understood. This narrative review summarizes current information on the epidemiology and complications of chronic hypoparathyroidism. The reported prevalence of chronic hypoparathyroidism ranges from 6.4\u201337\/100,000, and the incidence is reported to be 0.8\u20132.3\/100,000\/year. Mortality is not increased in studies from Denmark or South Korea but was increased in studies from Scotland and Sweden. The financial burden of this disorder is substantial because of increased health care resource utilization in two studies but not well quantitated. Recognized complications include hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, kidney stones, and chronic kidney disease; low bone turnover and possibly upper extremity fractures; cardiac and vascular calcifications; basal ganglia calcifications, cataracts, infections, neuropsychiatric complications, and difficulties with pregnancy. This review concludes that chronic hypoparathyroidism is a rare disorder associated with significant morbidity that may not increase overall mortality but is associated with a substantial financial burden. \u00a9 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T01:09:01Z","timestamp":1660266541000},"page":"2602-2614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Epidemiology and Financial Burden of Adult Chronic Hypoparathyroidism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3320-5972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigridur","family":"Bjornsdottir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Endocrinology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4343-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Ing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Ohio State University Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0364-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah M","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrine Unit Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9074-9570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Sikjaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5504-1251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Line","family":"Underbjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8387-3039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaki","family":"Hassan-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1576-1534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jad","family":"Sfeir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5963-214X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil J","family":"Gittoes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3801-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart L","family":"Clarke L","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012713562656000_jbmr4675-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3907","article-title":"Management of hypoparathyroidism: summary statement and guidelines","volume":"101","author":"Brandi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2024012713562656000_jbmr4675-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0628","article-title":"European Society of Endocrinology. 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