{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:26:08Z","timestamp":1791563168667,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AR065268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR065268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Bone &amp; Mineral Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We examined if an interaction exists between bone and muscle in predicting fractures in older men. Prospective data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study was used to build Cox proportional hazards models. Predictors included HR\u2010pQCT total volumetric BMD (Tt.BMD), trabecular BMD (Tb.BMD), cortical BMD (Ct.BMD) and cortical area (Ct.Ar) at distal radius\/tibia, HR\u2010pQCT muscle volume and density (diaphyseal tibia), D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010creatine dilution (D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    Cr) muscle mass, and grip strength and leg force, analyzed as continuous variables and as quartiles. Incident fractures were self\u2010reported every 4\u2009months via questionnaires and centrally adjudicated by physician review of radiology reports. Potential confounders (demographics, comorbidities, lifestyle factors, etc.) were considered. A total of 1353 men (mean age 84.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.0\u2009years, 92.7% white) were followed for 6.03\u2009\u00b1\u20092.11\u2009years. In the unadjusted (continuous) model, there were no interactions (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) between any muscle variable (D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    Cr muscle mass, muscle volume, muscle density, grip strength or leg force) and Tt.BMD at distal radius\/tibia for fractures (all:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009182\u2013302; nonvertebral:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009149\u2013254; vertebral:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200927\u201345). No consistent interactions were observed when interchanging Tt.BMD for Tb.BMD\/Ct.BMD or for Ct.Ar (bone structure) at the distal radius\/tibia in the unadjusted (continuous) models. Compared with men in quartiles (Q) 2\u20134 of D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    Cr muscle mass and Q2\u20134 of distal tibia Tt.BMD, men in Q1 of both had increased risk for all fractures (hazard ratio (HR) =\u20092.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24\u20133.23,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005) and nonvertebral fractures (HR\u2009=\u20092.10; 95% CI 1.25\u20133.52,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in the multivariable\u2010adjusted model. Confidence intervals overlapped (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) when visually inspecting other quartile groups in the multivariable\u2010adjusted model. In this prospective cohort study of older men, there was no consistent interactions between bone and muscle variables on fracture risk. Larger sample sizes and longer follow\u2010up may be needed to clarify if there is an interaction between bone and muscle on fracture risk in men. \u00a9 2023 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>Journal of Bone and Mineral Research<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]],"date-time":"2023-06-24T20:58:56Z","timestamp":1687640336000},"page":"1245-1257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Interactions Between\n                    <scp>HR\u2010pQCT<\/scp>\n                    Bone Density and\n                    <scp>\n                      D\n                      <sub>3<\/sub>\n                      Cr\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Muscle Mass (or\n                    <scp>HR\u2010pQCT<\/scp>\n                    Bone Structure and\n                    <scp>HR\u2010pQCT<\/scp>\n                    Muscle Density) in Predicting Fractures: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0176-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Kirk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS) The University of Melbourne and Western Health  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute California Pacific Medical Center  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Zanker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS) The University of Melbourne and Western Health  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Burghardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Biomedical Imaging University of California  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8520-7355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Orwoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8126-0637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS) The University of Melbourne and Western Health  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine McGill University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4938-9478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peggy M","family":"Cawthon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute California Pacific Medical Center  San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of 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