{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:59:33Z","timestamp":1789070373504,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 AR059775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR059775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 AR060574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR060574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 AR070854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR070854"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","award":["R01AT011729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AT011729"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","award":["R01 CA138962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA138962"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","award":["U01 CA138962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA138962"]}]},{"name":"Office Dietary Supplements"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and many cellular processes. Although vitamin D supplements are widely recommended for community-dwelling adults, definitive data on whether these supplements benefit clinically important skeletal and extraskeletal outcomes have been conflicting. Although observational studies on effects of vitamin D on musculoskeletal and extraskeletal outcomes may be confounded by reverse causation, randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies can help to elucidate causation. In this review, we summarize the recent findings from large RCTs and\/or MR studies of vitamin D on bone health and risk of fractures, falls, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, disorders of the immune system, multiple sclerosis, and mortality in community-dwelling adults. The primary analyses indicate that vitamin D supplementation does not decrease bone loss, fractures, falls, cancer incidence, hypertension, or cardiovascular risk in generally healthy populations. Large RCTs and meta-analyses suggest an effect of supplemental vitamin D on cancer mortality. The existence of extraskeletal benefits of vitamin D supplementations are best documented for the immune system especially in people with poor vitamin D status, autoimmune diseases, and multiple sclerosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin D may reduce all-cause mortality. These findings, in mostly vitamin D\u2013replete populations, do not apply to older adults in residential communities or adults with vitamin D deficiency or osteoporosis. The focus of vitamin D supplementation should shift from widespread use in generally healthy populations to targeted vitamin D supplementation in select individuals, good nutritional approaches, and elimination of vitamin D deficiency globally. \u00a9 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T14:49:45Z","timestamp":1690037385000},"page":"1391-1403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Health Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation: Lessons Learned From Randomized Controlled Trials and Mendelian Randomization Studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6446-3763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Bouillon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Mebabolism and Ageing KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5797-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meryl S","family":"LeBoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calcium and Bone Section, Endocrine, Diabetes and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7162-0854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel E","family":"Neale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)85783-0","article-title":"Studies on experimental rickets: XXI. An experimental demonstration of the existence of a vitamin which promotes calcium deposition","volume":"53","author":"McCollum","year":"1922","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"26","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1137830","article-title":"Heilung von Rachitis durch k\u00fcnstliche H\u00f6hensonne","volume":"45","author":"Huldschinsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0003","author":"Chick"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)85064-5","article-title":"Antirachitic properties imparted to inert fluids and to green vegetables by ultra-violet irradition","volume":"62","author":"Hess","year":"1924","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4-","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0005","article-title":"100\u2009years of vitamin D: historical aspects of vitamin D","volume":"11","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2015.11.001","article-title":"Vitamin D: historical overview","volume":"100","author":"DeLuca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vitam Horm"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2019.105563","article-title":"Nutritional rickets: historic overview and plan for worldwide eradication","volume":"198","author":"Bouillon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0008","first-page":"100","author":"Windaus","year":"1936"},{"issue":"16","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using Mendelian randomization: the STROBE-MR statement","volume":"326","author":"Skrivankova","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-018-0467-3","article-title":"Using Mendelian randomization to decipher mechanisms of bone disease","volume":"16","author":"Trajanoska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2013.214","article-title":"Vitamin D: calcium and bone homeostasis during evolution","volume":"3","author":"Bouillon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900618","article-title":"Calcidiol and PTH levels in women attending an osteoporosis program","volume":"64","author":"Haden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-2-438","article-title":"Acute changes in serum osteocalcin during induced hypocalcemia in humans","volume":"72","author":"Gundberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650040521","article-title":"Calcium absorption","volume":"4","author":"Heaney","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2010","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in young Caucasian and African American women","volume":"29","author":"Gallagher","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1689S","article-title":"Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D","volume":"80","author":"DeLuca","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080607","article-title":"Vitamin D metabolites and calcium absorption in severe vitamin D deficiency","volume":"23","author":"Need","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Mineral Res"},{"issue":"9105","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78933-9","article-title":"Redefining vitamin D insufficiency","volume":"351","author":"Malabanan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.3.7327","article-title":"A global study of vitamin D status and parathyroid function in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: baseline data from the multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation clinical trial","volume":"86","author":"Lips","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3641","article-title":"Change in bone density and reduction in fracture risk: a meta-regression of published trials","volume":"34","author":"Bouxsein","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0021","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health","volume":"158","author":"Cranney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evid Rep Technol Assess"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.12.029","article-title":"Positive association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and bone mineral density: a population-based study of younger and older adults","volume":"116","author":"Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0023","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vitamin D and calcium: a systematic review of health outcomes","volume":"183","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evid Rep Technol Assess"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03847.x","article-title":"Vitamin D status and PTH in young men: a cross-sectional study on associations with bone mineral density, body composition and glucose metabolism","volume":"73","author":"Frost","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-12-201112200-00005","article-title":"Vitamin D with or without calcium supplementation for prevention of cancer and fractures: an updated meta-analysis for the U.S. preventive services task force","volume":"155","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0026","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vitamin D and calcium: a systematic review of health outcomes (update)","volume":"217","author":"Newberry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid Rep Technol Assess"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0027","first-page":"CD000227","article-title":"Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men","author":"Avenell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9912","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61647-5","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplements on bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"383","author":"Reid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30265-1","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis","volume":"6","author":"Bolland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-4-199602150-00003","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in elderly persons: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"124","author":"Lips","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1959","article-title":"Hip bone loss is attenuated with 1000 IU but not 400 IU daily vitamin D3: a 1-year double-blind RCT in postmenopausal women","volume":"28","author":"Macdonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12651","article-title":"Effect of monthly high-dose vitamin D on bone density in community-dwelling older adults substudy of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"282","author":"Reid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3958","article-title":"Effects of supplemental vitamin D on bone health outcomes in women and men in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL)","volume":"35","author":"LeBoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"41","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.01.007","article-title":"VITAL-Bone Health: rationale and design of two ancillary studies evaluating the effects of vitamin D and\/or omega-3 fatty acid supplements on incident fractures and bone health outcomes in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL)","author":"LeBoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.3874","article-title":"Treatment of vitamin D insufficiency in postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"175","author":"Hansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3442","article-title":"25-hydroxyvitamin D threshold for the effects of vitamin D supplements on bone density: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Macdonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2011.09.009","article-title":"The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): rationale and design of a large randomized controlled trial of vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acid supplements for the primary prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease","volume":"33","author":"Manson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809944","article-title":"Vitamin D supplements and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease","volume":"380","author":"Manson","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.11889","article-title":"Effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on volumetric bone density and bone strength: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"322","author":"Burt","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"14","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26498","article-title":"Screening for vitamin D deficiency in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"325","author":"Kahwati","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.06.016","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and fracture risk: evidence for a U-shaped effect","volume":"141","author":"Anagnostis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0042","first-page":"691","article-title":"Vitamin D and calcium supplementation to prevent fractures in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement","volume":"158","author":"Moyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041011","article-title":"Calcium and\/or vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of fragility fractures: who needs it?","volume":"12","author":"Reid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1917789","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.17789","article-title":"Vitamin D and calcium for the prevention of fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab742","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and fractures in adults: a systematic umbrella review of meta-analyses of controlled trials","volume":"107","author":"Chakhtoura","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.05.002","article-title":"The effect of vitamin D on bone and osteoporosis","volume":"25","author":"Lips","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00126","article-title":"Skeletal and extraskeletal actions of vitamin D: current evidence and outstanding questions","volume":"40","author":"Bouillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"7387","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7387.469","article-title":"Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial","volume":"326","author":"Trivedi","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10567","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10567","article-title":"Vitamin D: bolus is bogus\u2014a narrative review","volume":"5","author":"Mazess","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00063-3","article-title":"The effect of monthly vitamin D supplementation on fractures: a tertiary outcome from the population-based, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled D-health trial","volume":"11","author":"Waterhouse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem240","article-title":"Effect of annual intramuscular vitamin D on fracture risk in elderly men and women\u2014a population-based, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30103-1","article-title":"Effect of monthly high-dose vitamin D supplementation on falls and non-vertebral fractures: secondary and post-hoc outcomes from the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled ViDA trial","volume":"5","author":"Khaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"18","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.594","article-title":"Annual high-dose oral vitamin D and falls and fractures in older women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"303","author":"Sanders","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0054","volume-title":"Randomized clinical trials of vitamin D and bone health","author":"Chou","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2202106","article-title":"Supplemental vitamin D and incident fractures in midlife and older adults","volume":"387","author":"LeBoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.16909","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, or a strength-training exercise program on clinical outcomes in older adults: the DO-HEALTH randomized clinical trial","volume":"324","author":"Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9471","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)63013-9","article-title":"Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (randomised evaluation of calcium or vitamin D, RECORD): a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"365","author":"Grant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad073","article-title":"The effects of vitamin D supplementation on musculoskeletal health: the VITAL & DO-Health trials","volume":"78","author":"LeBoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biomed Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14153","article-title":"Circulating serum vitamin D levels and total body bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14548-5","article-title":"Absence of causal association between vitamin D and bone mineral density across the lifespan: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"12","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3389","article-title":"Circulating serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and bone mineral density: Mendelian randomization study","volume":"33","author":"Larsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008530","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008530","article-title":"Genetic variation in GC and CYP2R1 affects 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and skeletal parameters: a genome-wide association study in 24-month-old Finnish children","volume":"15","author":"K\u00e4mpe","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa049","article-title":"25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of osteoporotic fractures: Mendelian randomization analysis in 2 large population-based cohorts","volume":"66","author":"\u00c7olak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22357","article-title":"A comprehensive genetic and epidemiological association analysis of vitamin D with common diseases\/traits in the UK biobank","volume":"45","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33202","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33202","article-title":"Genetically low vitamin D levels, bone mineral density, and bone metabolism markers: a Mendelian randomisation study","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0502","article-title":"Deletion of vitamin D receptor gene in mice results in abnormal skeletal muscle development with deregulated expression of myoregulatory transcription factors","volume":"144","author":"Endo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13395-017-0121-2","article-title":"Inhibition of Stat3 signaling ameliorates atrophy of the soleus muscles in mice lacking the vitamin D receptor","volume":"7","author":"Gopinath","year":"2017","journal-title":"Skelet Muscle"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12460","article-title":"Mice with myocyte deletion of vitamin D receptor have sarcopenia and impaired muscle function","volume":"10","author":"Girgis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4336","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1742","article-title":"The effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle strength, muscle mass, and muscle power: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"99","author":"Beaudart","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4412","article-title":"Vitamin D and muscle health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"36","author":"Bislev","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0071","first-page":"344","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of fractures and falls according to dosage and interval: a meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.0248","article-title":"Vitamin D and falls\u2014fitting new data with current guidelines","volume":"175","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa311","article-title":"VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): effects of vitamin D supplements on risk of falls in the US population","volume":"105","author":"LeBoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.7148","article-title":"Monthly high-dose vitamin D treatment for the prevention of functional decline: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"176","author":"Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.03.015","article-title":"Medium doses of daily vitamin D decrease falls and higher doses of daily vitamin D3 increase falls: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"173","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-3812","article-title":"The effects of four doses of vitamin D supplements on falls in older adults","volume":"174","author":"Appel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1932","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac012","article-title":"Intra-trial mean 25(OH)D and PTH levels and risk of falling in older men and women in the Boston STOP IT trial","volume":"107","author":"Dawson-Hughes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12759","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and risk of falling: outcomes from the randomized, placebo-controlled D-health trial","volume":"12","author":"Waterhouse","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12976","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D monotherapy on indices of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Prokopidis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.0225","article-title":"Exercise and vitamin D in fall prevention among older women: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"175","author":"Uusi-Rasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31317","article-title":"1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D prevents tumorigenesis by inhibiting oxidative stress and inducing tumor cellular senescence in mice","volume":"143","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0004","article-title":"Vitamin D and human health: lessons from vitamin D receptor null mice","volume":"29","author":"Bouillon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10420","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10420","article-title":"Vitamin D and clinical cancer outcomes: a review of meta-analyses","volume":"5","author":"Sluyter","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-01850-2","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and total cancer incidence and mortality by daily vs. infrequent large-bolus dosing strategies: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"127","author":"Keum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101923","article-title":"Efficacy of vitamin D(3) supplementation on cancer mortality: systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"87","author":"Kuznia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00345-4","article-title":"The D-Health Trial: a randomised controlled trial of the effect of vitamin D on mortality","volume":"10","author":"Neale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681396","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.681396","article-title":"Review of Mendelian randomization studies on ovarian cancer","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18238","article-title":"Is there a causal relationship between vitamin D and melanoma risk? A Mendelian randomization study","volume":"182","author":"Liyanage","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz182","article-title":"Phenome-wide Mendelian-randomization study of genetically determined vitamin D on multiple health outcomes using the UK Biobank study","volume":"48","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33779","article-title":"Bidirectional Mendelian randomisation analysis of the relationship between circulating vitamin D concentration and colorectal cancer risk","volume":"150","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80655-w","article-title":"The causal role of circulating vitamin D concentrations in human complex traits and diseases: a large-scale mendelian randomization study","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.0175","article-title":"Effect of monthly high-dose vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease in the vitamin D assessment study: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"2","author":"Scragg","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006802","article-title":"Effect of monthly, high-dose, long-term vitamin D supplementation on central blood pressure parameters: a randomized controlled trial substudy","volume":"6","author":"Sluyter","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12263-022-00704-z","article-title":"Mendelian randomization analysis of vitamin D in the secondary prevention of hypertensive-diabetic subjects: role of facilitating blood pressure control","volume":"17","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes Nutr"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910949","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.910949","article-title":"Associations between vitamin D levels and risk of heart failure: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.022242","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and ischemic stroke and its subtypes","volume":"49","author":"Larsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"13","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e024141","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024141","article-title":"Genetically-proxied levels of vitamin D and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"11","author":"Szejko","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"18","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab809","article-title":"Non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses support a role for vitamin D deficiency in cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"43","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09679-5","article-title":"Vitamin D, infections and immunity","volume":"23","author":"Ismailova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Endocrine Metab Disord"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i6583","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6583","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"356","author":"Martineau","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00051-6","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Jolliffe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915176","article-title":"Vitamin D supplements for prevention of tuberculosis infection and disease","volume":"383","author":"Ganmaa","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac279","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and antibiotic use in older Australian adults: an analysis of data from the D-Health trial","volume":"226","author":"Pham","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2022.11.015","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and hospitalization for infection in older adults: a post-hoc analysis of data from the Australian D-Health trial","volume":"117","author":"Pham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154753","article-title":"The link between COVID-19 and vitamin D (VIVID): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Bassatne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14540","article-title":"Association of vitamin D deficiency with COVID-19 infection severity: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14102134","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 related outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Hosseini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e071230","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-071230","article-title":"Effect of a test-and-treat approach to vitamin D supplementation on risk of all cause acute respiratory tract infection and COVID-19: phase 3 randomised controlled trial (CORONAVIT)","volume":"378","author":"Jolliffe","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061760","article-title":"Calcifediol treatment and hospital mortality due to COVID-19: a cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Alcala-Diaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4017","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab405","article-title":"Calcifediol treatment and COVID-19\u2013related outcomes","volume":"106","author":"Nogues","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105751","article-title":"Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a pilot randomized clinical study","volume":"203","author":"Entrenas Castillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"18","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3821","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183821","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation does not influence SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy or immunogenicity: sub-studies nested within the CORONAVIT randomised controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Jolliffe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960405","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.960405","article-title":"Antibody production in mice requires neither vitamin D, nor the vitamin D receptor","volume":"13","author":"Plum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2020.106176","article-title":"The vitamin D for COVID-19 (VIVID) trial: a pragmatic cluster-randomized design","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"23","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.23.2832","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis","volume":"296","author":"Munger","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws243","article-title":"Preclinical serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of type 1 diabetes in a cohort of US military personnel","volume":"177","author":"Munger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e066452","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-066452","article-title":"Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Hahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881332","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.881332","article-title":"Relationship between a vitamin D genetic risk score and autoantibodies among first-degree relatives of probands with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"13","author":"Vanderlinden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"17","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003849","article-title":"Evidence for a causal relationship between low vitamin D, high BMI, and pediatric-onset MS","volume":"88","author":"Gianfrancesco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001866","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001866","article-title":"Vitamin D and risk of multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"12","author":"Mokry","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000097","article-title":"Mendelian randomization shows a causal effect of low vitamin D on multiple sclerosis risk","volume":"2","author":"Rhead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e662","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000662","article-title":"BMI and low vitamin D are causal factors for multiple sclerosis. A Mendelian randomization study","volume":"7","author":"Jacobs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-03205-6","article-title":"Mendelian randomization study updates the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on the risk of multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1165","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001165","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D and body mass index on disease risk and relapse hazard in multiple sclerosis. A Mendelian randomization study","volume":"9","author":"Vandebergh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10119-8","article-title":"An atlas on risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"268","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458521995484","article-title":"The relative contributions of obesity, vitamin D, leptin, and adiponectin to multiple sclerosis risk: a Mendelian randomization mediation analysis","volume":"27","author":"Harroud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-023-01260-4","article-title":"Causal association of genetically determined circulating vitamin D metabolites and calcium with multiple sclerosis in participants of European descent","volume":"77","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003536","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003536","article-title":"Vitamin D levels and risk of type 1 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"18","author":"Manousaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0170791","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170791","article-title":"Vitamin D and mortality: individual participant data meta-analysis of standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 26916 individuals from a European consortium","volume":"12","author":"Gaksch","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp006","article-title":"Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and mortality in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative calcium-vitamin D randomized controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"LaCroix","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1309","article-title":"Long-term follow-up for mortality and cancer in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D(3) and\/or calcium (RECORD trial)","volume":"97","author":"Avenell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0132","first-page":"Cd007470","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults","author":"Bjelakovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00263-1","article-title":"Estimating dose-response relationships for vitamin D with coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality: observational and Mendelian randomisation analyses","volume":"9","author":"Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration\/EPIC-CVD\/Vitamin D Studies Collaboration","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00344-8","article-title":"Mendelian randomisation and vitamin D: the importance of model assumptions\u2014authors' reply","volume":"11","author":"Burgess","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2012.193185","article-title":"Vitamin D and mortality: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"59","author":"Trummer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g6330","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6330","article-title":"Genetically low vitamin D concentrations and increased mortality: Mendelian randomisation analysis in three large cohorts","volume":"349","author":"Afzal","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2019.105481","article-title":"Polymorphisms in the vitamin D system and mortality\u2014the Troms\u00f8 study","volume":"195","author":"Jorde","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010074","article-title":"Effect of genetically low 25-hydroxyvitamin D on mortality risk: Mendelian randomization analysis in 3 large European cohorts","volume":"11","author":"Aspelund","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024022211035105500_jbmr4888-bib-0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab142","article-title":"Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/38\/10\/1391\/56738356\/jbmr4888.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/38\/10\/1391\/56738356\/jbmr4888.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T14:47:40Z","timestamp":1710341260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/38\/10\/1391-1403\/7610360"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.4888","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}