{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:20:12Z","timestamp":1792023612513,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":144,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK Ministry of Defence"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The relationship between vitamin D metabolites and lower body (pelvis and lower limb) overuse injury is unclear. In a prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between vitamin D metabolites and incidence of lower body overuse musculoskeletal and bone stress injury in young adults undergoing initial military training during all seasons. In 1637 men and 530 women (aged 22.6\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5\u2009years; body mass index [BMI], 24.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u2009kg\/m-2; 94.3% white ethnicity), we measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) by immunoassay during week 1 of training. We examined whether the relationship between 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D:24,25(OH)2D ratio was associated with overuse injury. During 12\u2009weeks of training, 21.0% sustained \u22651 overuse musculoskeletal injury, and 5.6% sustained \u22651 bone stress injury. After controlling for sex, BMI, 2.4\u2009km run time, smoking, bone injury history, and Army training course (Officer, standard, or Infantry), lower body overuse musculoskeletal injury incidence was higher for participants within the second lowest versus highest quartile of 24,25(OH)2D (odds ratio [OR] =\u20091.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13\u20132.32; p\u2009=\u20090.009) and lowest versus highest cluster of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D:24,25(OH)2D (OR\u2009=\u20096.30; 95% CI 1.89\u201321.2; p\u2009=\u20090.003). Lower body bone stress injury incidence was higher for participants within the lowest versus highest quartile of 24,25(OH)2D (OR\u2009=\u20094.02; 95% CI 1.82\u20138.87; p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and lowest versus highest cluster of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D:24,25(OH)2D (OR\u2009=\u200922.08; 95% CI 3.26\u2013149.4; p\u2009=\u20090.001), after controlling for the same covariates. Greater conversion of 25(OH)D to 24,25(OH)2D, relative to 1,25(OH)2D (ie, low 1,25(OH)2D:24,25(OH)2D), and higher serum 24,25(OH)2D were associated with a lower incidence of lower body overuse musculoskeletal and bone stress injury. Serum 24,25(OH)2D may have a role in preventing overuse injury in young adults undertaking arduous physical training. \u00a9 2023 Crown copyright and The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the King's Printer for Scotland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T07:39:39Z","timestamp":1690875579000},"page":"1453-1464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Vitamin D Metabolites Are Associated With Musculoskeletal Injury in Young Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7922-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander T","family":"Carswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK"},{"name":"Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1120-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas J","family":"O'Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery and Interventional Science UCL London UK"},{"name":"Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ Andover UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9663-0696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Swinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Robert Gordon University Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ Andover UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan CY","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Norwich UK"},{"name":"Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel J","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Human Sciences, Bangor University Bangor UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M","family":"Izard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology, Porton Down, Ministry of Defence Salisbury UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil P","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Norwich UK"},{"name":"Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0793-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie P","family":"Greeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery and Interventional Science UCL London UK"},{"name":"Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ Andover UK"},{"name":"Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"2024022211040474300_jbmr4890-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1689S","article-title":"Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin 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