{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T16:00:57Z","timestamp":1791043257134,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1987,6,1]],"date-time":"1987-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":549504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AM 29779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AM 29779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AM 32196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AM 32196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Veterans Administration"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We characterized the alkaline phosphatase activity of the human osteogenic sarcoma cell line, SAOS-2, and studied the regulation of this enzyme and 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and triamcinolone acetonide. We report that the basal alkaline phosphatase activity of SAOS-2 cells was 100\u20131000 times greater than that of other established human osteogenic sarcoma cell lines. The enzymatic activity was thermolabile, could be inhibited by levamisole and L-homoarginine, but not by L-phenylalanine, and was immunoprecipitable with anti-bone\/liver\/kidney, but not with anti-placental antibody, confirming that it is the tissue-unspecific or bone\/liver\/kidney isoenzyme. However, in contrast to other established human osteosarcoma cell lines (TE-85, SAOS-1), in which alkaline phosphatase activity is stimulated several-fold by the steroid hormones 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and hydrocortisone, the alkaline phosphatase activity of SAOS-2 cells was not affected by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment despite the presence of classical receptors for this hormone. Furthermore, administration of the potent glucocorticoid analogue, triamcinolone acetonide, induced only a modest increase in activity. The SAOS-2 cell line expressed low basal cAMP levels (28 pmol\/106 cells) which could be increased 25\u201340 times by pretreatment with parathyroid hormone. However, unlike other osteoblastic models, in which PTH-induced cAMP stimulation is modulated by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and glucocorticoids, neither of these hormones had an effect on the PTH-stimulated cAMP levels in SAOS-2 cells. We conclude that the SAOS-2 cell line is an osteoblastic cell model which expresses high levels of tissue-unspecific alkaline phosphatase activity and exhibits limited responsiveness to two steroid hormones. These cells may prove useful in determining the structure and processing of alkaline phosphatase and in studying other features of the osteoblastic phenotype, such as cAMP production, and their hormonal regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650020310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T13:26:10Z","timestamp":1265203570000},"page":"231-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Characterization of a human osteoblastic osteosarcoma cell line (SAOS-2) with high bone alkaline phosphatase activity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Elsa","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Endocrine Section, University of California and San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Provvedini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Endocrine Section, University of California and San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Endocrine Section, University of California and San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bayard","family":"Catherwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Sussman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Manolagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Endocrine Section, University of California and San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1987,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012712161757900_bib1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Human Alkaline Phosphatases","author":"Stigbrand","year":"1984"},{"key":"2024012712161757900_bib2","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Human Alkaline Phosphatases","author":"Sussman","year":"1984"},{"key":"2024012712161757900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2970-1_8","volume-title":"Alkaline Phosphatase","author":"McComb","year":"1979"},{"key":"2024012712161757900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)32395-0","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme levels in human osteogenic sarcoma cells.","volume":"258","author":"Mulkins","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024012712161757900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)68933-7","article-title":"1,25(OH)2D3 stimulates the alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblast-like cells.","volume":"256","author":"Manolagas","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024012712161757900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02405296","article-title":"The effects of prostaglandin E2, parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, and cyclic nucleotide analogs on alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic cells.","volume":"36","author":"Kumegawa","year":"1984","journal-title":"Calcif Tiss Int"},{"key":"2024012712161757900_bib7","first-page":"637","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D3 metabolites on human bone cells in vitro.","volume":"35","author":"Beresford","year":"1983","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Intl"},{"key":"2024012712161757900_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-118-4-1340","article-title":"Phenotype-associated changes in the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on alkaline phosphatase and bone GLA-protein of rat osteoblastic cells.","volume":"118","author":"Spiess","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocrin"},{"key":"2024012712161757900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3362","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)34781-1","article-title":"The effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on alkaline phosphatase in osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells.","volume":"257","author":"Majeska","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024012712161757900_bib10","first-page":"41","article-title":"Human alkaline phosphatases. 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