{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:02:04Z","timestamp":1792047724760,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1987,10,1]],"date-time":"1987-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":560044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Veterans Administration"},{"name":"Loma Linda University Basic Science Research Grant","award":["AM 33025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AM 33025"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007197","name":"U.S. Public Health Service","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Loma Linda University"},{"name":"MacPherson Society of Loma Linda University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine whether the nonsteroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen behaves as either an agonist or antagonist of estrogen on bone, the effects of ovariectomy, 17\u03b2-estradiol, and tamoxifen were compared on radial growth at the tibial diaphysis in young adult female rats. Ovariectomy and 17\u03b2-estradiol did not alter serum calcium, phosphate, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Ovariectomy increased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in one experiment but not in the other. Tamoxifen increased the serum calcium and phosphate by itself and did not change serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D in ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomy produced significant increases in medullary area, periosteal bone formation rate, and periosteal bone apposition rate compared to values in sham-operated animals and did not change endosteal bone formation rate. The increase in medullary area resulted from an increase in osteoclast number and resorbing surface length. Although endosteal forming surface length decreased, this was compensated for by an increase in the apposition rate. 17\u03b2-estradiol and tamoxifen each prevented the increases in bone formation rate and medullary area in ovariectomized rats. Tamoxifen reduced the length of the resorbing surface and osteoclast number to values observed in sham-operated animals. The findings demonstrate that in the rat, tamoxifen acts as an estrogen agonist by preventing the skeletal alterations that result from ovarian hormone deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650020513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T13:21:56Z","timestamp":1265203316000},"page":"449-456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"title":["Tamoxifen prevents the skeletal effects of ovarian hormone deficiency in rats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Russell T.","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopedics, Anatomy and Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA"},{"name":"Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn K.","family":"Wakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopedics, Anatomy and Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen S.","family":"Hannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jerry L. Pettis Veterans Administration Hospital, Loma Linda, CA"},{"name":"Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman H.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1987,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012712144970800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554882","article-title":"Skeletal alterations in ovariectomized rats.","volume":"37","author":"Wronski","year":"1985","journal-title":"Calcif Tiss Int"},{"key":"2024012712144970800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(86)90683-6","article-title":"Histologic evidence for osteopenia and increased 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