{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:56:19Z","timestamp":1779206179550,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,8,1]],"date-time":"1989-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":617932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kraft, Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Although the menopause has been associated with increased bone loss at several skeletal sites, it has not previously been noted in the hip, yet estrogen therapy has been reported to reduce the incidence of hip fractures. We investigated the effect of age and menopause on bone loss in the proximal femur by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and trochanter by dual-photon absorptiometry in 263 normal women aged 20\u201384.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant decrease in BMD of the femoral neck and Ward's triangle with age in both pre- and postmenopausal women (p &amp;lt; 0.001). In the trochanter the decrease with age was significant only in postmenopausal women (p &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Further analysis revealed that BMD decreased faster at all sites in the early postmenopausal years. During the first 6 years postmenopause, the decrease in BMD of the femoral neck and trochanter was 3\u201310 times higher than the change in the decade prior to menopause. About 20% of the lifetime femoral neck loss and 30% of the trochanteric loss occurred in the early postmenopausal period.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>It is concluded that both age and menopause are major determinants of BMD in the proximal femur. These findings could explain why estrogen therapy has been reported to prevent hip fracture. The rapid early postmenopausal loss in BMD of the proximal femur demonstrates the importance of starting estrogen replacement therapy immediately after menopause for maximum effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650040423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T18:08:05Z","timestamp":1265220485000},"page":"639-642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["The effect of age and menopause on bone mineral density of the proximal femur"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Lars R.","family":"Hedlund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114383","article-title":"Osteoporosis and the risk of hip fracture","volume":"124","author":"Melton","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1980.03310180022025","article-title":"Spinal mineral loss in oophorectomized women","volume":"244","author":"Cann","year":"1980","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(85)90399-0","article-title":"Quantitative computed tomography for prediction of vertebral fracture risk","volume":"6","author":"Cann","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466070-00007","article-title":"Bone loss in premenopausal and postmenopausal women","volume":"66A","author":"Ruegsegger","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg."},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib5","first-page":"211","article-title":"Spine and femur density using dual-photon absorptiometry in US white women","volume":"2","author":"Mazess","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bone Min"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556337","article-title":"Different trends of age related diminution of bone mineral content in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and femoral shaft in women","volume":"42","author":"Schaadt","year":"1988","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib7","first-page":"333","article-title":"Loss of compact bone due to menopause","volume":"26","author":"Meema","year":"1965","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110667","article-title":"Changes in bone mineral density of the proximal femur and spine with aging","volume":"70","author":"Riggs","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650030104","article-title":"Bone density of the radius, spine and proximal femur in osteoporosis","volume":"3","author":"Mazess","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90640-8","article-title":"Postmenopausal oestrogens protect against fractures of hip and distal radius","volume":"2","author":"Hutchison","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-95-1-28","article-title":"Menopausal estrogen therapy and hip fractures","volume":"95","author":"Paganini-Hill","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113388","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of hip fracture in postmenopausal women","volume":"116","author":"Kreiger","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198011203032102","article-title":"Decreased risk of fractures of the hip and lower forearm with postmenopausal use of estrogens","volume":"303","author":"Weiss","year":"1980","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198711053171901","article-title":"Hip fracture and the use of estrogens in postmenopausal women. The Framingham study","volume":"317","author":"Kiel","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.71.2.138","article-title":"The risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal females with and without estrogen drug exposure","volume":"71","author":"Johnson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650020605","article-title":"Total bone calcium in normal women: Effect of age and menopausal status","volume":"2","author":"Gallagher","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib17","first-page":"132","article-title":"The age and sex-specific incidence rates of femoral neck and trochanteric fractures. An analysis based on 20,538 fractures in Stockholm County","volume":"222","author":"Hedlund","year":"1972\u20131981","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib18","first-page":"1540","article-title":"Age, sex, and menopausal related changes of vertebral and peripheral bone: Population study using dual and single photon absorptiometry and radiogrammetry","volume":"27","author":"Geusens","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Nuclear Med"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib19","first-page":"631","article-title":"Effects of natural menopause, hysterectomy, and oophorectomy on lumbar spine and femoral neck bone densities","volume":"72","author":"Hreshchyshyn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024012712240389000_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556691","article-title":"Bone density of the radius, spine, and hip in relation to percent of ideal body weight in postmenopausal women","volume":"40","author":"Dawson-Hughes","year":"1987","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbmr.5650040423","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/4\/4\/639\/56430584\/5650040423.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/4\/4\/639\/56430584\/5650040423.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T14:50:14Z","timestamp":1710341414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/4\/4\/639-642\/7501812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,8,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650040423","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1989,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,8,1]]}}}