{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:12:07Z","timestamp":1792001527928,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,1]],"date-time":"1989-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":623203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"MRC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The skeleton's architecture is matched to the changing loads to which it is subjected because mechanical loading directly or indirectly influences the activity of cell populations to deposit, maintain, or remove bone tissue as appropriate. This responsiveness to load bearing presupposes that certain cells are sensitive to load itself or to its consequences within the tissue. The nature of this effect and the cells concerned have not yet been determined.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>In this series of experiments, bones were exposed in vivo to a single short period of dynamic loading, which if repeated daily had been shown to result in increased new bone formation. There was an increase in the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the periosteal cells adjacent to the bone surface 6 min after this single period of loading. This increase was proportional to the strain magnitude in the bone tissue in the immediate vicinity of the cells. In osteocytes, although the G6PD activity in each individual cell was unchanged by loading, the number of cells displaying activity was increased. This increase was also directly proportional to the applied strain in that area of the cortex (52% compared with 26% active osteocytes at a strain of 0.002). Activation of G6PD was unaccompanied by any equivalent changes in the activities of either glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GA3PD) or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). This finding is consistent with loading increasing the activity of the oxidative part of the pentose monophosphate shunt pathway. It is also consistent with stimulation of a synthetic process, such as the production of RNA from ribose 5-phosphate.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>These results show that intermittent loading of bone tissue produces rapid strain-related effects on the metabolism of both osteocytes and periosteal cells. This change is consistent with an increase in their synthetic activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650040519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T18:06:44Z","timestamp":1265220404000},"page":"783-788","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":279,"title":["Early strain-related changes in enzyme activity in osteocytes following bone loading in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Skerry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 OTU UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance E.","family":"Lanyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 OTU UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucille","family":"Bitensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cellular Biology, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Hammersmith, London W6 7DW UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Chayen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cellular Biology, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Hammersmith, London W6 7DW UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163050-00013","article-title":"The effect of prolonged physical training on the properties of long bone: A study of Wolffs Law","volume":"63A","author":"Woo","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759020-00012","article-title":"Humeral hypertrophy in response to exercise","volume":"59A","author":"Jones","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961040-00008","article-title":"Functional adaptation of bone to increased stress","volume":"61A","author":"Goodship","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0640537","article-title":"Vertebral bone loss: An unheeded side effect of therapeutic bed rest","volume":"64","author":"Krolner","year":"1963","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib5","first-page":"209","article-title":"Long term followup on Skylab bone demineralisation","volume":"51","author":"Tilton","year":"1980","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650030309","article-title":"Forearm bone loss in hemiplegia, a model for the study of immobilisation osteoporosis","volume":"3","author":"Prince","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(84)90003-4","article-title":"Static vs dynamic loads as an influence on bone remodelling","volume":"12","author":"Lanyon","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466030-00012","article-title":"Regulation of bone formation by applied dynamic loads","volume":"66A","author":"Rubin","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553711","article-title":"Regulation of bone mass by mechanical strain magnitude","volume":"37","author":"Rubin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650030610","article-title":"Direct transformation from quiescence to bone formation in the adult periosteum following a single brief period of bone loading","volume":"3","author":"Pead","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555153","article-title":"Increased 3H uridine levels in osteocytes following a single short period of dynamic loading in vivo","volume":"43","author":"Pead","year":"1988","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.290050202","article-title":"The biochemistry of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase","volume":"5","author":"Rosemeyer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib13","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Biochemical Mechanisms of Liver Injury","author":"Chayen","year":"1978"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01005034","article-title":"The routine sectioning of undecalcified bone for cytochemical studies","volume":"11","author":"Johnston","year":"1979","journal-title":"Histochemie"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00497455","article-title":"Quantitative cytochemical measurement of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydeogenase activity","volume":"48","author":"Henderson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Histochemie"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib16","author":"Altman","year":"1972"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib17","volume-title":"Modern Concepts in Biochemistry","author":"Bohinski","year":"1973"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0120887","article-title":"BDH Medal Lecture","volume":"12","author":"Chayen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1380425","article-title":"Regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway","volume":"138","author":"Eggleston","year":"1974","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib20","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Biochemical Measurements of Liver Injury","author":"Chayen","year":"1978"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/15321818308057013","article-title":"An effect of parathyroid hormone on the epiphyseal plate and osteoblasts of the rat metatarsal: Studies towards a cytochemical bioassay","volume":"4","author":"Dunham","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunoassay"},{"issue":"21","key":"2024012712233669700_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4966","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)99658-4","article-title":"Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase of human erythrocytes. Purification and characterization of normal B+ enzyme","volume":"241","author":"Yoshida","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024012712233669700_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(71)80091-8","article-title":"Human erythrocyte glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase: Physical properties","volume":"43","author":"Bonsignore","year":"1971","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.290040404","article-title":"The biochemistry of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase","volume":"4","author":"Chayen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct"},{"key":"2024012712233669700_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100060411","article-title":"Load induced bone proteoglycan orientation. Strain memory in bone tissue?","volume":"6","author":"Skerry","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbmr.5650040519","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/4\/5\/783\/56430677\/5650040519.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/4\/5\/783\/56430677\/5650040519.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T14:50:19Z","timestamp":1710341419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/4\/5\/783-788\/7501945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650040519","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,1]]}}}