{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T23:36:29Z","timestamp":1772148989345,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,3,1]],"date-time":"1990-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":636249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Histomorphometric analysis of undecalcified sections was performed in transiliac biopsy cores taken from 29 patients (16 men, 13 women, aged 51 \u00b1 17 years) suffering from skeletal fluorosis due to chronic exposure to fluoride. The origin of the exposure, known in 20 patients, was either hydric (endemic or sporadic), or industrial, or in a few cases iatrogenic. Measured on calcined bone using a specific ion electrode, bone fluoride content was significantly high in each specimen (mean \u00b1 SD: 0.79 \u00b1 0.36% of bone ash) as compared to control values (&amp;lt; 0.10%). The radiologically evident osteosclerosis observed in each patient was confirmed by the significant increase of cancellous bone volume (40.1 \u00b1 11.2 vs. 19.0 \u00b1 2.8% in controls, p &amp;lt; 0.0001). There were significant increases in cortical width (1292 \u00b1 395 vs. 934 \u00b1 173 \u03bcm, p &amp;lt; 0.0001) and porosity (14.4 \u00b1 6.4 vs. 6.5 \u00b1 1.7%, p &amp;lt; 0.002), but without reduction of cortical bone mass. Osteoid parameters were significantly increased in fluorotic patients. The increase in cancellous osteoid perimeter was almost threefold greater than that noted in cancellous eroded perimeter. The fluorotic group had a greater number of osteoblasts than controls, with a very high proportion of flat osteoblasts. In 15 patients doubly labeled with tetracycline, the mineral apposition rate was significantly decreased, while mineralization lag time significantly increased. Bone formation rate and adjusted apposition rate were significantly decreased in skeletal fluorosis. Cancellous wall width was normal in fluorosis but the formation period and active formation period were significantly increased. Skeletal fluorosis is thus characterized by an unbalanced coupling in favor of bone formation, and also by a great number of osteoblasts with a high proportion of flat osteoblasts. These osteoblasts have a very increased formation period mainly due to a prolonged inactive formation period. Our results support the view that fluoride may have a dual effect on osteoblasts: an increased birthrate at the tissue level, and a toxic effect at the individual cell level. The addition of these two effects represents, however, a marked increase of bone formation at the organ level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650051382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,25]],"date-time":"2010-02-25T21:51:54Z","timestamp":1267134714000},"page":"S185-S189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Georges","family":"Boivin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM Unit\u00e9 234, Facult\u00e9 A. Carrel, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Chavassieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM Unit\u00e9 234, Facult\u00e9 A. Carrel, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Claire","family":"Chapuy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM Unit\u00e9 234, Facult\u00e9 A. Carrel, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre J.","family":"Meunier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM Unit\u00e9 234, Facult\u00e9 A. Carrel, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Baud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Morphologie, Centre M\u00e9dical Universitaire, Gen\u00e8ve, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib1","volume-title":"The Metabolic and Molecular Basis of Acquired Disease","author":"Boivin"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31375-4","article-title":"Treatment of osteoporosis with fluoride, calcium and vitamin D","volume":"12","author":"Brian\u00e7on","year":"1981","journal-title":"Orthop Clin N Am"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/191184a0","article-title":"Effect of sodium fluoride on calcium metabolism of human beings","volume":"191","author":"Rich","year":"1961","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198202253060802","article-title":"Effect of fluoride\/calcium regimen on vertebral fracture occurrence in postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"306","author":"Riggs","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(89)90004-5","article-title":"Skeletal fluorosis: histomorphometric analysis of bone changes and bone fluoride content in 29 patients","volume":"10","author":"Boivin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650030504","article-title":"Fluoride content in human iliac bone: results in controls, patients with fluorosis, and osteoporotic patients treated with fluoride","volume":"3","author":"Boivin","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00431313","article-title":"Value of the bone biopsy in the diagnosis of industrial fluorosis","volume":"380","author":"Baud","year":"1978","journal-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib8","first-page":"33","article-title":"Profil histomorphom\u00e9trique de la fluorose osseuse induite par l'ingestion prolong\u00e9e d'eau de Vichy Saint-Yorre. Comparaison avec le taux de fluor osseux","volume":"34","author":"Boivin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pathol Biol"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib9","first-page":"347","volume-title":"Studies in Environmental Science","author":"Teotia","year":"1986"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib10","first-page":"91","article-title":"Skeletal fluorosis: roentgenological and histopathological study","volume":"9","author":"Teotia","year":"1976","journal-title":"Fluoride"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678508994346","article-title":"Effects of fluoride on bone in Finland. Histomorphometry of cadaver bone from low and high fluoride areas","volume":"56","author":"Arnala","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198005000-00048","article-title":"Niflumic acid-induced skeletal fluorosis: iatrogenic disease or therapeutic perspective for osteoporosis?","volume":"148","author":"Meunier","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib13","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Bone and Mineral Research Annual 1","author":"Meunier","year":"1983"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib14","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Methods of Calcified Tissue Preparation","author":"Schenk","year":"1984"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib15","first-page":"391","volume-title":"Methods of Calcified Tissue Preparation","author":"Boivin","year":"1984"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(85)90004-3","article-title":"Intermethod variation in bone histomorphometry: comparison between manual and computerized methods applied to iliac bone biopsies","volume":"6","author":"Chavassieux","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650020617","article-title":"Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols and units","volume":"2","author":"Parfitt","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib18","first-page":"83","article-title":"Trabecular bone mineralization lag time determined by tetracycline double-labeling in normal and certain pathological conditions","volume":"88","author":"Melsen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Sect A"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02013227","article-title":"Mean wall thickness of trabecular bone packets in the human iliac crest: changes with age","volume":"26","author":"Lips","year":"1978","journal-title":"Calcif Tiss Res"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0221-8747(83)90004-8","article-title":"Histomorphometric analysis of dynamic parameters of trabecular bone formation in the iliac crest of normal British subjects","volume":"5","author":"Vedi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Metab Bone Dis Rel Res"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib21","first-page":"156","volume-title":"The Physiological and Cellular Basis of Metabolic Bone Disease","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1974"},{"key":"2024012712362197700_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90810-5","article-title":"Postmenopausal osteoporosis. 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