{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T13:36:07Z","timestamp":1759412167272},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]],"date-time":"1992-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":723168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The effects of androgen and estrogen deficiency on skeletal homeostasis were studied in the guinea pig. Male and female adult (7 months old) guinea pigs were either sham operated (9 females and 7 males) or gonadec-tomized [9 ovariectomized (OVX) females and 6 orchidectomized (ORX) males] and sacrificed 4 months later for evaluation of bone mass, bone turnover, and serum calcium homeostasis. Parameters of bone turnover, calcium homeostasis, and vitamin D metabolites were similar in all groups except for increased serum IGF-I concentrations (+30%) in males compared to females. Gonadectomy resulted in a 50% decrease in serum IGF-I concentrations in males only (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Volume, total calcium content, and cortical density of the tibia were significant higher in males than in females. Estrogen deficiency had no effect on bone volume or calcium content. Androgen deficiency resulted in a significant lower volume and calcium content of the tibia and in a lower calcium content of the distal lumbar vertebrae. Single-photon absorptiometry of the tibia showed that only cortical, not trabecular bone density of the tibia was decreased after ORX. Histomorphometric studies of the tibial metaphysis also did not show significant differences in trabecular bone volume between sham-operated and ORX males. We conclude that in adult male guinea pigs androgen deficiency results in a decrease in (cortical) bone volume and content concomitant with decreased IGF-I levels. In female guinea pigs of the same age, estrogen deficiency did not affect total or regional bone mass.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650071208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T16:54:57Z","timestamp":1265216097000},"page":"1407-1415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Bone and mineral metabolism in the adult guinea pig: Long-term effects of estrogen and androgen deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Vanderschueren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorium voor Experimentele Geneeskunde en Endocrinologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"van Herck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorium voor Experimentele Geneeskunde en Endocrinologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.M.H.","family":"Suiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dienst botpathologie, A.Z. Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Allewaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorium voor Experimentele Geneeskunde en Endocrinologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.J.","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dienst botpathologie, A.Z. Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Geusens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologie, UZ Pellenberg, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Bouillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorium voor Experimentele Geneeskunde en Endocrinologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02064067","article-title":"Endogenous estrogen and bone loss following o\u00f6phorectomy","volume":"22","author":"Lindsay","year":"1977","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Res"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554882","article-title":"Skeletal alterations in ovariectomized rats","volume":"37","author":"Wronski","year":"1985","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Res"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555700","article-title":"Effect of body weight on osteopenia in ovariectomized rats","volume":"40","author":"Wronski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Res"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-115-2-507","article-title":"Evaluation of the pathogenesis of skeletal changes in ovariectomized rats","volume":"115","author":"Kalu","year":"1984","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556093","article-title":"Nondestructive measurement of bone mineral in femurs from ovariectomized rats","volume":"46","author":"Kimmel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-125-2-810","article-title":"Endocrine and pharmacological suppressors of bone turnover protect against osteopenia in ovariectomized rats","volume":"125","author":"Wronski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-1-7","article-title":"The aged rat model of ovarian hormone deficiency bone loss","volume":"124","author":"Kalu","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650050310","article-title":"Bone changes occurring early after cessation of ovarian function in beagle dogs: A histomorphometric study employing sequential biopsies","volume":"5","author":"Faugere","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(89)90130-0","article-title":"The effect of ovariectomy on spine bone mineral density in rhesus monkeys","volume":"10","author":"Longcope","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)90878-1","article-title":"Risk factors for spinal osteoporosis in men","volume":"75","author":"Seeman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-69-3-523","article-title":"Castrated men exhibit bone loss: Effect on calcitonin treatment on biochemical indices of bone remodeling","volume":"69","author":"Stefan","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1969.tb03169.x","article-title":"Changes in skeletal mass and fragility with castration in the rat: A model for osteoporosis","volume":"17","author":"Saville","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02408524","article-title":"Effects of castration on the bone structure of male rats: A model for osteoporosis","volume":"32","author":"Wink","year":"1980","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678608993219","article-title":"Bone changes after castration in rats","volume":"57","author":"G\u00fcrkan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553294","article-title":"The effect of orchidectomy on bone metabolism in aging rats","volume":"39","author":"Verhas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650060403","article-title":"Androgen treatment prevents loss of cancellous bone in the orchidectomized. rat","volume":"6","author":"Wakley","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650040415","article-title":"Differential effects of gonadal function on bone histomorphometry in male and female rats","volume":"4","author":"Turner","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib18","first-page":"428","article-title":"Growth and bone haemodynamic responses to castration in male rats. Reversibility by testosterone","volume":"107","author":"Schoutens","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.3.854","article-title":"Identification of androgen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells","volume":"86","author":"Colvard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3388021","article-title":"Evidence of estrogen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells","volume":"241","author":"Eriksen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-3-1576","article-title":"Androgens directly stimulate proliferation of bone cells in vitro","volume":"124","author":"Kasperk","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/13.2.101","article-title":"Determination of calcium in urine and serum by atomic spectrophotometry (ASS)","volume":"13","author":"Trudeau","year":"1967","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/24.5.588","article-title":"Determination of diffusible serum calcium","volume":"24","author":"Zeissler","year":"1954","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3109\/00365516009065399","article-title":"The determination of tartrate-inhibited phosphatase in serum","volume":"12","author":"Jacobson","year":"1960","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/22.3.364","article-title":"Measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in serum","volume":"22","author":"Bouillon","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/26.5.562","article-title":"A radioimmunoassay for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol","volume":"26","author":"Bouillon","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)34737-3","article-title":"The isolation and characterisation of the vitamin D-binding protein in human serum","volume":"253","author":"Bouillon","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-102-6-1710","article-title":"Immunochemical measurement of the vitamin D binding protein in rat serum","volume":"102","author":"Bouillon","year":"1978","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110072","article-title":"Influence of the vitamin D-binding protein on the serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3","volume":"67","author":"Bouillon","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(82)90206-0","article-title":"Androgen and progestogen production in cultured interstitial cells derived from immature rat testis","volume":"17","author":"Verhoeven","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.39.4.477","article-title":"Bone and mineral metabolism in BB rats with long-term diabetes. Decreased bone turnover and osteoporosis","volume":"39","author":"Verhaeghe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib32","first-page":"143","article-title":"Osteocalcin during the reproductive cycle in normal and diabetic rats","volume":"120","author":"Verhaeghe","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555926","article-title":"Effect of ovariectomy and prednisolone on bone mineral content in rats: Evaluation by single photon absorptiometry and radiogrammetry","volume":"47","author":"Geusens","year":"1990","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-2-573","article-title":"Bone mineral homeostasis in spontaneously diabetic BB rats. 2. Impaired bone turnover and decreased osteocalcin synthesis","volume":"124","author":"Verhaeghe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02409442","article-title":"Bone loss in the beagle tibia: Influence of age, weight and sex","volume":"33","author":"Martin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib36","first-page":"34","article-title":"Bone mass in normal children and young adults","volume":"49","author":"Hui","year":"1985","journal-title":"Growth"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib37","first-page":"602","article-title":"Longitudinal bone growth in vitro: Effects of insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone","volume":"124","author":"Schevrien","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(91)90050-S","article-title":"In vivo action of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on bone formation and resorption in rats","volume":"12","author":"Spencer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3109\/03008208909023897","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and bone","volume":"20","author":"McCarthy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/109.7.1175","article-title":"Effect of glucocorticoids and calcium intake on bone density and bone, liver and plasma minerals in guinea pigs","volume":"109","author":"Turnlund","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-69-6-1160","article-title":"Age and menopause-related changes in indices of bone turnover","volume":"69","author":"Kelly","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-1-127","article-title":"Changes in vitamin D metabolism during natural and medical menopause","volume":"71","author":"Hartwell","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-4-846","article-title":"Testosterone and oxandrolone, a nonaromatizable androgen specifically amplify the mass and rate of growth hormone (GH) secreted per burst without altering GH secretory burst duration or frequency or the GH half-life","volume":"71","author":"Ulloa-Aguirre","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib44","first-page":"E416","article-title":"Effect of sex steroids on peak bone density in growing rabbits","volume":"255","author":"Gilsanz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-69-4-776","article-title":"Increases in bone density during treatment of men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"69","author":"Finkelstein","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-5-937","article-title":"Effect of excess endogenous androgens on bone density in young women","volume":"67","author":"Buchanan","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024013112202082400_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.130.5.1572302","article-title":"Bone and mineral metabolism in aged male rats. II. Long-term effects of androgen deficiency","volume":"130","author":"Vanderschueren","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbmr.5650071208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/7\/12\/1407\/56488029\/5650071208.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/7\/12\/1407\/56488029\/5650071208.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T14:55:10Z","timestamp":1710341710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/7\/12\/1407-1415\/7500347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650071208","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]}}}