{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T08:27:23Z","timestamp":1769502443156,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]],"date-time":"1993-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":741484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AR 39706 and AR 41412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR 39706 and AR 41412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is now an established method of measuring bone mineral density (BMD) in humans. We have applied the technique to measuring BMD in the rat. The short-term precision of the technique was assessed by calculating the BMD coefficient of variation at the rat spine (1.20%), total femur (0.52%), proximal femur (1.16%), midfemur (1.00%), distal femur (0.96%), and proximal tibia (2.2%). The long-term precision of femoral measurements in rat cadavers over a 4 week period was 0.72% for the total femur and 1.2% for the distal femur. The accuracy of the technique was assessed by comparing DEXA-measured bone mineral content (BMC) in vitro and in vivo with ashed BMC. Results indicated a highly significant positive correlation between in vitro DEXA measurements and ash BMC (r = 0.99) and between in vivo DEXA measurements and ash BMC (r = 0.89). The ability of the technique to detect bone loss was assessed at the femoral site by comparing the BMD of ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated rats at baseline and at a 1 month follow-up. There was no significant difference in BMD between the groups at baseline. However, at 1 month follow-up the OVX group showed a significant (p &amp;lt; 0.001) decline in BMD at the distal femur (-8.6%) and in the total femur (-4.8%) compared with sham-operated rats. A comparison of retired breeder female rats with age-matched nulliparous rats indicated that the BMD of retired breeder rats was significantly lower than that of virgin females at all femoral sites (p &amp;lt; 0.01). The results suggest that the DEXA technique has the precision and accuracy necessary to study changes in rat BMD. Furthermore, the technique can be used quickly and noninvasively to detect a bone loss following ovariectomy in the rat, and the distal femur may be an optimal site for detecting such a bone loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T16:50:16Z","timestamp":1265215816000},"page":"795-800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the rat: Accuracy, precision, and measurement of bone loss"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Bone Metabolism, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis at Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kimble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Bone Metabolism, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis at Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Hopfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Bone Metabolism, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis at Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Pacifici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Bone Metabolism, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis at Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024013113120510700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196648010-00014","article-title":"Bone density and composition","volume":"48","author":"Mueller","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"2024013113120510700_bib2","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Bone Remodeling and Its Relationship to Metabolic Bone Disease","author":"Frost","year":"1973"},{"key":"2024013113120510700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(86)90683-6","article-title":"Histologic evidence for osteopenia and increased bone turnover in ovariectomized rats","volume":"7","author":"Wronski","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024013113120510700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02409496","article-title":"Bone mineral analysis of the rat femur by direct photon absorptiometry","volume":"33","author":"Sanchez","year":"1981","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113120510700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555926","article-title":"Effect of ovariectomy and prednisolone on bone mineral content in rats: Evaluation by single-photon absorptiometry and radio-grammetry","volume":"47","author":"Geusens","year":"1990","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113120510700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(85)90319-9","article-title":"The effect of lactation on the mineral distribution profile of the rat femur by single photon absorptiometry","volume":"6","author":"Hagaman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024013113120510700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650030310","article-title":"Bone mineral content in the senescent rat femur: An assessment using single photon absorptiometry","volume":"3","author":"Kiebzak","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113120510700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556356","article-title":"Ability of different techniques of measuring bone mass to determine vertebral bone loss in aging female rats","volume":"42","author":"Safadi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113120510700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-198604000-00009","article-title":"Bone mass measured by photonabsorptiometry and radiogrammetry in Wistar rats. 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