{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:28:43Z","timestamp":1790144923498,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,12,1]],"date-time":"1993-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":754704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Osteointegration was defined as a \u201cdirect structural and functional connection between ordered living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant.\u201d(25) Although osteointegration was meant originally to describe a biologic fixation of the titanium dental implants, it is now used to describe the attachment of other materials used for dental and orthopedic applications as well. Analyses of material-bone interface showed that osteointegrated implants can have an intervening fibrous layer or direct bone apposition characterized by bone-bonding(62) depending on the composition and surface properties of the biomaterial. This article reviews biologic (host tissue properties and response), biomechanical, and biomaterial factors affecting osteointegration. Biologic factors include the quality of bone. Biomaterial factors include the effect of material composition on the bone-material interface. Suggested areas for future research include determining the correlation between oral bone status and osteoporosis, the effect of gender, age, and endocrine status (e.g., osteoporosis) on implant success or failure, the effect of calcium phosphate coating composition and crystallinity on in vivo performance of implants, the factors contributing to accelerated osteointegration, and development of osteoinductive implants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650081328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T16:52:37Z","timestamp":1265215957000},"page":"S583-S596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Racquel Z.","family":"Legeros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald G.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib1","first-page":"347","article-title":"A long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the totally edentulous jaw","volume":"5","author":"Adell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(81)80077-4","article-title":"15-Year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw","volume":"10","author":"Adell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int J Oral Surg"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib3","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Tissue-Integrated Prosthesis","author":"Albrektsson","year":"1985"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1988.59.5.287","article-title":"Osseointegrated oral implants\u2014A Swedish multicenter study of 8139 consecutively inserted Nobelpharma implants","volume":"59","author":"Albrektsson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Periodontal"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(86)90103-1","article-title":"An ultrastructural characterization of the interface between bone and sputtered titanium or stainless steel","volume":"7","author":"Albrektsson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(87)90344-1","article-title":"Bone-metal interface in osseointegration","volume":"57","author":"Albrektsson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib7","first-page":"30","article-title":"Direct bone anchorage or oral implants: Clinical and experimental considerations of the concept of osseointegration","volume":"3","author":"Albrektsson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib8","first-page":"11","article-title":"The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: A review and proposed criteria of success","volume":"1","author":"Albrektsson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1987.58.11.758","article-title":"Osteogenic potential of non-vital tissues and synthetic implant materials","volume":"58","author":"Amler","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820240810","article-title":"Hard tissue replacement (HTR) polymer as an implant material","volume":"24","author":"Amler","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1989.tb00863.x","article-title":"Microbiota and crevicular fluid collagenase activity in the osseointegrated dental implant sulcus. A comparison of sites in edentulous and partially edentulous patients","volume":"24","author":"Apse","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Periodont Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(85)90282-8","article-title":"Prevention of alveolar bone loss postextraction with grafting materials","volume":"60","author":"Ashman","year":"1965","journal-title":"Oral Surg Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib13","first-page":"217","article-title":"The interaction of osteogenic cells with hydroxylapatite implant materials in vitro and in vivo","volume":"5","author":"Bagambisa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.101.6.2210","article-title":"Cell-mediated extracellular acidification and bone resorption: Evidence for a low PH in resorbing lacunae and localization of a 100-kD lysomal membrane protein at the osteoclast ruffled border","volume":"101","author":"Baron","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(81)90292-4","article-title":"Relationship of osteoporosis to excessive residual ridge resorption","volume":"46","author":"Baxter","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1991.62.11.703","article-title":"Guided tissue regeneration for implants placed into extraction sockets: A study in dogs","volume":"62","author":"Becker","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Periodontal"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib17","first-page":"31","article-title":"Clinical and microbiologic findings that may contribute to dental implant failure","volume":"5","author":"Becker","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02010133","article-title":"Bone formation at a ceramic implant interface","volume":"8","author":"Beckman","year":"1971","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib19","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Bone-Material Interface","author":"Bjursten","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820231305","article-title":"Inhibition of apatite formation by titanium and vanadium ions","volume":"23","author":"Blumenthal","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198711000-00041","article-title":"Histologic analysis of a retrieved microporous-coated femoral prosthesis. A seven-year case report","volume":"224","author":"Bobyn","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb38506.x","article-title":"Apatitic calcium orthophosphates and related compounds for biomaterials preparation","volume":"523","author":"Bonel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820221210","article-title":"The use of dense alumina-alumina ceramic combination in total hip replacement","volume":"22","author":"Boutin","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib24","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Tissue-Integrated Prosthesis","author":"Branemark","year":"1985"},{"issue":"16","key":"2024013113114899100_bib25","article-title":"Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw: Experience from a 10-year period","volume":"11","author":"Branemark","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib26","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Osseo-Integrated Implants, vol 1, Basics, Materials and Joint Replacements","author":"Breme","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345790580100201","article-title":"The influence of functional use of endosseous implants on the tissue-implant interface. Histological aspects","volume":"58","author":"Brunski","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib28","first-page":"28","article-title":"The biology of bone graft repair","volume":"174","author":"Buchardt","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib29","first-page":"226","article-title":"Soft tissue reactions of non-submerged unloaded titanium implants in beagle dogs","volume":"61","author":"Buser","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1990.61.9.597","article-title":"Formation of a periodontal ligament around titanium implants","volume":"6","author":"Buser","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib31","first-page":"226","article-title":"Tissue integration of one stage ITI implants. 3-Year results of a longitudinal study with hollow-cylinder and hollow-screw implants","volume":"6","author":"Buser","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib32","volume-title":"Acrylic Cement in Orthopedic Surgery","author":"Charney","year":"1970"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib33","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Biomaterials in Reconstructive Surgery","author":"Cohen","year":"1983"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198810000-00017","article-title":"Macroscopic and microscopic evidence of prosthetic fixation with porous-coated materials","volume":"235","author":"Collier","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820260803","article-title":"Hydroxylapatite coating of porous implants improves bone ingrowth and interface attachment strength","volume":"26","author":"Cook","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198805000-00038","article-title":"Hydroxylapatite-coated porous titanium for use as an orthopaedic biologic attachment system","volume":"230","author":"Cook","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib37","first-page":"334","article-title":"Application of hydroxyapatite in oral maxillofacial surgery. Part II: Ridge augmentation and repair of major oral defects","volume":"8","author":"Cranin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Comp Cont Ed Dent"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib38","first-page":"309","article-title":"Scanning and transmission of electron microscopy and electron probe analysis of the interface between implants and host bone","volume":"4","author":"Daculsi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scan Micr"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib39","first-page":"471","article-title":"Formation of carbonate-apatite crystals after implantation of calcium phosphate ceramics","volume":"24","author":"Daculsi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1983.00350090044007","article-title":"Postmenopausal tooth loss","volume":"143","author":"Daniell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib41","volume-title":"Handbook of Bioactive Ceramics","author":"Davies","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820241003","article-title":"The bone-titanium interface in vitro","volume":"24","author":"Davies","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib43","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Bioceramics of Calcium Phosphate","author":"DeGroot","year":"1983"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820211203","article-title":"Plasma-sprayed coatings of hydroxyapatite","volume":"21","author":"DeGroot","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib45","first-page":"53","article-title":"Mandibular bone response to plasma-sprayed coatings of hydroxyapatite","volume":"3","author":"Denissen","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345860650080501","article-title":"A histological assessment of the initial healing response adjacent to porous-surfaced, titanium alloy dental implants in dogs","volume":"65","author":"Deporter","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1991.62.2.153","article-title":"Titanium endosseous implant\u2014soft tissue interface: A literature review","volume":"62","author":"Donely","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib48","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Handbook of Bioactive Ceramics","author":"Doyle","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820221207","article-title":"The effect of plasma-sprayed calcium phosphate ceramic coatings on the metal ion release from porous titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys","volume":"22","author":"Ducheyne","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820251004","article-title":"Characterization of the interface in the plasma-sprayed HA coating\/Ti-6A1\u20134V implant system","volume":"25","author":"Filiaggi","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib51","first-page":"213","article-title":"Demineralized bone implants","volume":"12","author":"Glowacki","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib52","first-page":"399","article-title":"Histomorphic studies of hydroxylapatite-coated and uncoated titanium threaded implants in bone","volume":"6","author":"Gottlander","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(84)90459-1","article-title":"Ultrastructural study of the attachment of human gingival to titanium in vivo","volume":"51","author":"Gould","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Prothet Dent"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00999.x","article-title":"Attachment mechanisms of epithelial cells to titanium in vitro","volume":"16","author":"Gould","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Periodont Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib55","volume-title":"Aktuelle Probleme in Cirurgie und Orthopaedie","author":"Griss","year":"1982"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb38514.x","article-title":"Surface activities of bioactive glass, aluminum oxide and titanium in a living environment","volume":"523","author":"Gross","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib57","first-page":"1247","article-title":"The use of coral as a bone graft substitute","volume":"23","author":"Guilemin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib58","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Bone-Material Interface","author":"Hanawa","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567040-00013","article-title":"The coexistence and characteristics of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis","volume":"67A","author":"Healey","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib60","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Osseo-Integrated Implants, vol 1, Basics, Materials and Joint Replacements","author":"Heimke","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.1991.tb07132.x","article-title":"Bioceramics: From concept to Clinic","volume":"74","author":"Hench","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Ceram Soc"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820050611","article-title":"Bonding mechanisms at the interface of ceramic prosthetic materials","volume":"2","author":"Hench","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib63","first-page":"254","article-title":"Physicochemical characterization of deposits associated with HA ceramics implanted in nonosseous sites","volume":"22","author":"Heugherbaert","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib64","author":"Hildbolt"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197905000-00004","article-title":"Bone regeneration within a coralline hydroxyapatite implant","volume":"63","author":"Holmes","year":"1979","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820240406","article-title":"Surface reactions of calcium phosphate ceramics to various solutions","volume":"24","author":"Hyakuna","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1991.62.1.2","article-title":"The excessive loss of Branemark fixtures in type IV bone: A five year analysis","volume":"62","author":"Jaffin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Periodontal"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198106000-00037","article-title":"Calcium phosphate ceramics as hard tissue prosthetics","volume":"157","author":"Jarcho","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib69","first-page":"79","article-title":"Tissue, cellular and subcellular events at bone-ceramic hydroxylapatite interface","volume":"1","author":"Jarcho","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Bioeng"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib70","first-page":"270","article-title":"Failures and complications of 391 consecutively inserted fixed protheses supported by Branemark implants in edentulous jaws: A study of treatment from the time of prosthesis placement to the first annual checkup","volume":"6","author":"Jemt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib71","first-page":"437","article-title":"A removal toque and histomorphometric study of bone tissue reactions to commercially pure titanium and vitallium implants","volume":"6","author":"Johansson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib72","first-page":"247","article-title":"Biomaterial and implant surfaces: A surface science approach","volume":"3","author":"Kasemo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(90)90108-O","article-title":"Comparison of mandibular bone in normal and osteoporotic women","volume":"63","author":"Kribbs","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(90)90273-F","article-title":"Relationships between mandibular and skeletal bone in a population of normal women","volume":"63","author":"Kribbs","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib75","first-page":"346","volume-title":"Advances in Periodontics","author":"Lang","year":"1992"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-3535(81)90046-0","article-title":"Apatites in biological systems","volume":"4","author":"LeGeros","year":"1981","journal-title":"Prog Crystal Growth Charact"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374880020011101","article-title":"Calcium phosphate materials","volume":"3","author":"LeGeros","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib78","article-title":"Monographs in Oral Sciences","volume-title":"Calcium Phosphates in Oral Biology and Medicine","author":"LeGeros","year":"1991"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib79","first-page":"147","author":"LeGeros","year":"1992"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib80","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Handbook of Bioactive Ceramics, vol II. Calcium Phosphate Ceramics","author":"LeGeros","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib81","first-page":"76","volume-title":"The Bone-Biomaterial Interface","author":"LeGeros","year":"1991"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib82","author":"LeGeros","year":"1991"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib83","first-page":"177","article-title":"Comparative properties and in vitro transformation of HA ceramics in serum","volume":"67","author":"LeGeros","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(86)80011-4","article-title":"Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures. (II) A cross-sectional retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Lekholm","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678308992868","article-title":"Electron microscopic analysis of the bone-titanium interface","volume":"54","author":"Linder","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib86","first-page":"509","article-title":"The multipurpose blade: A three year progress report","volume":"9","author":"Linkow","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Oral Implantol"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345920710020401","article-title":"Light and electron microscopy of the intact interfaces between non-submerged titanium-coated epoxy resin implants and bone and gingiva","volume":"71","author":"Listgarten","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1991.62.11.710","article-title":"Effects of the platelet-derived growth factor\/insulin-like growth factor-I combination on bone regeneration around titanium implants. Results of a pilot study in beagle dogs","volume":"62","author":"Lynch","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)02476-4","article-title":"Clinical results with hydroxyapatite-coated. Omnifit hip stem","volume":"36","author":"Manly","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199001030-00006","article-title":"Growth and differentiation factors: Role in bone induction and potential application in craniofacial surgery","volume":"1","author":"Marden","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1988.tb01324.x","article-title":"Local infusion of prostaglandin E1 stimulates mandibular bone formation in vivo","volume":"17","author":"Marks","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100040311","article-title":"Malignant neoplasms associated with orthopedic implant materials in rats","volume":"4","author":"Memon","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.1990.010101.x","article-title":"Microbiological features of stable osseointegrated implants used as abutments for overdentures","volume":"1","author":"Mombelli","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implant Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib94","first-page":"581","article-title":"Mechanical and biological properties of partially stabilized zirconia ceramic implants","volume":"25","author":"Nagai","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib95","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"1988"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.9.729","article-title":"Tissue response to biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic with different ratios of HA\/TCP in periodontal osseous defects","volume":"63","author":"Nery","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib97","first-page":"350","volume-title":"Bone-Material Interface","author":"Niki","year":"1991"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1979.50.4.163","article-title":"A longitudinal study of combined periodontal and prothestic treatment of patients with advanced periodontal disease","volume":"50","author":"Nyman","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820260705","article-title":"Bone formation process in porous calcium carbonate and hydroxyapatite","volume":"26","author":"Ohgushi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib100","first-page":"286","volume-title":"Bioceramics","author":"Oonishsi","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib101","first-page":"388","volume-title":"Bioceramics","author":"Osborn","year":"1989"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(80)90009-5","article-title":"The material science of calcium phosphate ceramic","volume":"1","author":"Osborn","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)02111-5","article-title":"Augmentation of the atrophic edentulous ridge with porous replaniform hydroxyapatite (Interpore-200)","volume":"30","author":"Piecuch","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345910700100501","article-title":"The effect of partial coating with hydroxyapatite on bone remodeling in relation to porous-coated titanium-alloy dental implants in the dog","volume":"70","author":"Pilliar","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30384-9","article-title":"Biologic principles of bone induction","volume":"18","author":"Reddi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199005000-00024","article-title":"Cemented versus cementless total hip arthroplasty","volume":"254","author":"Rothman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/247220a0","article-title":"Hydroxyapatite formed from coral skeleton carbonate by hydrothermic exchange","volume":"247","author":"Roy","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0503(81)80007-0","article-title":"The reaction of bone connective tissue and epithelium to endosteal implants with sprayed titanium surfaces","volume":"9","author":"Schroeder","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib109","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Bone-Material Interface","author":"Smith","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199111000-00038","article-title":"Histologic analysis of retrieved hydroxyapatite-coated femoral prosthesis","volume":"272","author":"Soballe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820240902","article-title":"A new canine model to evaluate the biological response of intramedullary bone to implant materials and surfaces","volume":"24","author":"Spivak","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411910020010601","article-title":"The concept of osteointegration and bone matrix expression","volume":"2","author":"Stanford","year":"1991","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.5.443","article-title":"Transmission electron microscopic and high voltage electron microscopic observations of the bone and osteocyte activity adjacent to unloaded dental implants placed in dogs","volume":"63","author":"Steflik","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650070606","article-title":"Age-related decrements in bone mineral density in women over 65","volume":"6","author":"Steiger","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib115","first-page":"45","article-title":"Success criteria in oral implantology. A review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"ten Bruggenkate","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Oral Implant"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib116","first-page":"53","article-title":"Patient selection in oral implantology","volume":"7","author":"ten Bruggenkate","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Oral Implant"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib117","first-page":"432","article-title":"Histological analysis of tissue growth into retrieve human total joint components","volume":"12","author":"Thomas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans Orthop Res Soc"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820180702","article-title":"Direct electron microscopy studies of the bone-hydroxyapatite interface","volume":"18","author":"Tracy","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196707000-00026","article-title":"The bone induction principle","volume":"53","author":"Urist","year":"1967","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib120","first-page":"272","article-title":"The applicability of osseointegrated oral implants in the rehabilitation of partial edentulism: A prospective multicenter study of 558 fixtures","volume":"5","author":"van Steenberghe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib121","first-page":"162","article-title":"In vivo measurement of bone mineral content of mandibles by dual-photon absoptiometry","volume":"93","author":"von Wowern","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555134","article-title":"Bone mineral content of mandibles: Normal reference values\u2014rate of age-related bone loss","volume":"43","author":"von Wowern","year":"1988","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib123","first-page":"169","article-title":"Tissue integration of dental endosseous implants: description and comparative analysis of the fibro-osseous integration and osseous integration systems","volume":"12","author":"Weiss","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Oral Implant"},{"key":"2024013113114899100_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820221308","article-title":"Biomaterials for facial bone augmentation: Comparative studies","volume":"22","author":"Wilson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res: Appl Biomater"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbmr.5650081328","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/8\/S2\/S583\/56495930\/5650081328.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/8\/S2\/S583\/56495930\/5650081328.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T14:57:38Z","timestamp":1710341858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/8\/S2\/S583-S596\/7500950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,12,1]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650081328","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1993,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,12,1]]}}}