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In vitro, exogenous M-CSF has been shown to be necessary for the generation of osteoclast-like cells in cocultures of hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells obtained from this mutant. In this study we investigated the capacity of M-CSF and other cytokines and hormones, alone or in combination, to induce bone resorption in explants of op\/op metatarsals and metacarpals prelabeled with 45Ca. The effect on bone resorption was verified by counting the number of osteoclasts generated in the mineralized matrix. No osteoclast formation and no bone resorption were observed in the absence of M-CSF. M-CSF alone had only a slight effect at the high concentration of 104 units\/ml. Addition of PTH or 1,25-(OH)2D3 together with M-CSF induced both osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. The release of 45Ca was linear with time up to 15 days. PTH or 1,25-(OH)2D3 could not be substituted by TNF-\u03b1 or IL-1, whereas IL-6 had a weak effect. M-CSF could not be replaced by GM-CSF. This study further emphasizes the role of M-CSF, PTH, and 1,25-(OH)2D3 in osteoclastogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T16:30:05Z","timestamp":1265214605000},"page":"401-407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Macrophage colony-stimulating factor restores bone resorption in <i>op\/op<\/i> bone in vitro in conjunction with parathyroid hormone or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tomio","family":"Morohashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Berne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique Antonioli","family":"Corboz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Berne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Fleisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Berne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco G.","family":"Cecchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Berne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Felix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Berne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024013113130404000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02563795","article-title":"Murine osteoblastlike cells and the osteogenic cell MC3T3-E1 release a macrophage colony-stimulating activity in culture","volume":"41","author":"Elford","year":"1987","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113130404000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556317","article-title":"Bone-resorbing cytokines enhance release of macrophage colony-stimulating activity by the osteoblastic cell MC3T3-E1","volume":"44","author":"Felix","year":"1989","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113130404000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(86)90577-2","article-title":"Synthesis of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and differentiation-inducing factor (D-factor) by osteoblastic cells, clone MC3T3-E1","volume":"134","author":"Shiina-Ishimi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2024013113130404000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(86)80366-7","article-title":"Recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha and beta stimulate mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) to produce macrophage-colony stimulating activity and prostaglandin E2","volume":"141","author":"Sato","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2024013113130404000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(87)91324-6","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor type alpha (cachectin) stimulates mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) to produce macrophage-colony stimulating activity and prostaglandin E","volume":"145","author":"Sato","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2024013113130404000_bib6","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Genetics of Pattern Formation and Growth Control","author":"Stanley","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024013113130404000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1948028","article-title":"Control of granulocytes and macrophages: Molecular, cellular, and clinical aspects","volume":"254","author":"Metcalf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024013113130404000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001630205","article-title":"Morphological evidence of reduced bone resorption in osteopetrotic (op) mice","volume":"163","author":"Marks","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"2024013113130404000_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.156.5.1516","article-title":"Hematological characterization of congenital osteopetrosis in op\/op mouse. 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