{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T10:03:38Z","timestamp":1781604218802,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,4,1]],"date-time":"1994-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":765158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a precise and effective method for measuring bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) at various skeletal sites in the human, but its precision for measuring low BMD and BMC in tiny rat bones has scarcely been evaluated. The short-term precision of DXA (Norland XR-26) for eight regions of interest (ROI) was determined by measuring dissected, not totally defleshed hindlimbs from four rats of differently weights 10 times consecutively. The accuracy of the BMD (area) measurement was also evaluated. The following average precision values (coefficients of variation) with negligible reanalysis error were obtained for BMD and BMC measurements: 0.7 and 1.2% (total); 0.9 and 1.2% (femur); 1.3 and 2.8% (tibia); 1.3 and 2.1% (foot); 2.1 and 4.7% (proximal femur); 1.4 and 2.9% (femoral shaft); 1.8 and 5.6% (distal femur); and 2.7 and 7.6% (proximal tibia). As for the accuracy, BMD measured in tiny bones is likely to be markedly underestimated. We conclude that the standard DXA technique without additional modification for small animal measurements is a precise method for BMD and BMC measurements at multiple sites in rat hindlimb in vitro.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T16:31:54Z","timestamp":1265214714000},"page":"473-478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Precision of measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of bone mineral density and content in rat hindlimb in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Harri","family":"Siev\u00e4nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Kannus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markku","family":"J\u00e4rvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024013113131956100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)65502-5","article-title":"Comparison of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and dual photon absorptiometry for bone mineral measurements of the lumbar spine","volume":"63","author":"Wahner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2024013113131956100_bib2","first-page":"1156","article-title":"Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry: A precise method of measuring bone mineral density in the lumbar spine","volume":"31","author":"Hansen","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2024013113131956100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556250","article-title":"A population-based comparison of quantitative dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry with dual-photon absorptiometry of the spine and hip","volume":"49","author":"Holbrook","year":"1991","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113131956100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556113","article-title":"Precision and stability of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements","volume":"49","author":"Johnson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113131956100_bib5","first-page":"2101","article-title":"An evaluation of forearm bone mineral measurement with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry","volume":"32","author":"Larcos","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2024013113131956100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556252","article-title":"Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry versus single photon absorptiometry of the radius","volume":"49","author":"Weinstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113131956100_bib7","first-page":"1137","article-title":"Precision of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in determining the bone mineral density and content of various skeletal sites","volume":"33","author":"Siev\u00e4nen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2024013113131956100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-6009(08)80004-9","article-title":"Precision of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in the upper extremities","volume":"20","author":"Siev\u00e4nen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bone Miner"},{"key":"2024013113131956100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480020096040","article-title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment (DATTA): Measurement of bone density with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)","volume":"267","author":"Kellie","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024013113131956100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-198712000-00004","article-title":"Bone remodeling and bone loss: Understanding the pathophysiology of osteoporosis","volume":"30","author":"Parfitt","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024013113131956100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650070310","article-title":"Sequential and precise in vivo measurement of bone mineral density in rats using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry","volume":"7","author":"Ammann","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113131956100_bib12","first-page":"155","article-title":"Rat femur bone mineral measurement with dual x-ray absorptiometry. 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