{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:03:24Z","timestamp":1791090204332,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]],"date-time":"1994-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":786240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Astra Pharmaceutica."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To assess the effect of age and disease on mineral distribution at the distal third of the tibia, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured at lumbar spine (spine), femoral neck (neck), and diaphysis (Dia) and distal epiphysis (Epi) of the tibia in 89 healthy control women of different age groups (20-29, n = 12; 30-39, n = 11; 40-44, n = 12; 45-49, n = 12; 50-54, n = 12; 55-59, n = 10; 60-69, n = 11; 70-79, n = 9), in 25 women with untreated vertebral osteoporosis (VOP), and in 19 women with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Hologic QDR 1000 and standard spine software). A soft tissue simulator was used to compensate for heterogeneity of soft tissue thickness around the leg. Tibia was scanned over a length of 130 mm from the ankle joint, fibula being excluded from analysis. For BMC and BMD, 10 sections 13 mm each were analyzed separately and then pooled to define the epiphysis (Epi 13-52 mm) and diaphysis area (Dia 91-130 mm). Precision after repositioning was 1.9 and 2.1% for Epi and Dia, respectively. In the control group, at any site there was no significant difference between age groups 20-29 and 30-39, which thus were pooled to define the peak bone mass (PBM). Mean decrease in BMD from PBM (mean + SEM) was significant after age 49 at Epi (-11.8 + 12.7%), after age 54 at spine (-14.2 + 5.9%) and neck (-11.2 + 8.6%), and after age 59 at Dia (-10.9 + 6.9%). Epiphysis and diaphysis BMC but not BMD were correlated with body weight (r = 0.22, p &amp;lt; 0.04 for both sites). In patients with PHPT mean tibial BMD expressed as Z scores was significantly lower than in controls, from 39 to 130 mm but was similar to that in controls from 0 to 39 mm as well as at spine and neck. In patients with untreated VOP, mean BMD (Z scores) was lower than in controls at spine and neck as well as tibia from 0 to 52 mm (p &amp;lt; 0.01) but not between 52 and 130 mm. We conclude that DXA measurement at tibia is a suitable tool to assess bone loss and distribution of bone mass between Dia (cortical) and Epi (with a substantial amount of trabecular bone) in a single weight-bearing bone in health and bone diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650091203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T16:16:16Z","timestamp":1265213776000},"page":"1851-1857","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Bone mineral density at distal tibia using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in normal women and in patients with vertebral osteoporosis or primary hyperparathyroidism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"J.-P.","family":"Casez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polyclinic of Medicine, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Troendle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polyclinic of Medicine, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Lippuner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polyclinic of Medicine, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Jaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polyclinic of Medicine, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110570","article-title":"Differential effects of endocrine dysfunction on the axial and the appendicular skeleton","volume":"69","author":"Seeman","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03187468","article-title":"Bone mineral density of the hip measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in normal elderly women and in patients with hip fracture","volume":"1","author":"Duboeuf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650081102","article-title":"Importance of bone resorption in the determination of bone density in women more than 10 years past the menopause","volume":"11","author":"Prince","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib4","author":"Casez","year":"1989"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(91)90051-Z","article-title":"The effect of positioning on dual energy x-ray bone densitometry of the proximal femur","volume":"13","author":"Wilson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bone Miner"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(90)90019-C","article-title":"Bone mass and anthropometric measurements in adult females","volume":"11","author":"Slemenda","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone Miner"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650040606","article-title":"Influence of body habitus and race on bone mineral density of the midradius, hip, and spine in aging women","volume":"4","author":"DeSimone","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/53.1.132","article-title":"Bone density in premenopausal women: effects of age, dietary intake, physical activity, smoking and birth-control pills","volume":"53","author":"Mazess","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)90860-4","article-title":"Evidence for two distinct syndromes of involutional osteoporosis","volume":"75","author":"Riggs","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100060613","article-title":"Sex differences in age-related remodeling of the femur and tibia","volume":"6","author":"Ruff","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib11","first-page":"601","article-title":"Osteoporosis and the effect of aging on bone mass in elderly men and women","volume":"156","author":"Adams","year":"1970","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(90)90030-J","article-title":"Interrelationships among bone denstiometry sites in normal young women","volume":"11","author":"Mazess","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone Miner"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib13","first-page":"301","article-title":"Trabecular and cortical bone in the radii of women with parathyroid adenomata: A greater trabecular deficit, with preliminary assessment of recovery after parathyroidectomy","volume":"2","author":"Hesp","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bone Miner"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-6-1294","article-title":"Lack of biochemical progression or continuation of accelerated bone loss in mild asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"67","author":"Rao","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650040302","article-title":"Skeletal disease in primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"4","author":"Silverberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390180133024","article-title":"Relationships between forearm and vertebral mineral density in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"150","author":"Wishart","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(91)90007-6","article-title":"Differential effects of aging and disease on trabecular and compact bone density of the radius","volume":"12","author":"R\u00fcegsegger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090410","article-title":"Effects of mild asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism on bone mass in women with and without estrogen replacement therapy","volume":"9","author":"McDermott","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6228.1340","article-title":"Anabolic effect of human parathyroid hormone fragment on trabecular bone in involutional osteoporosis: A multicentric trial","volume":"2","author":"Reeve","year":"1980","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024013113132482100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556561","article-title":"Increase of vertebral density by combination therapy with pulsatile 1\u201338hPTH and sequential addition of calcitonin nasal spray in osteoporotic patients","volume":"44","author":"Hesch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbmr.5650091203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/9\/12\/1851\/56493923\/5650091203.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/9\/12\/1851\/56493923\/5650091203.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T14:59:33Z","timestamp":1710341973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/9\/12\/1851-1857\/7500496"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650091203","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]}}}