{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:49:04Z","timestamp":1761155344705},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]],"date-time":"1994-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":786240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This paper aims to examine the relative contributions made by alcohol and iron overload and hypovitaminosis C to the osteoporosis associated with African hemosiderosis. To characterize this bone disorder, we examined double-tetracycline-labeled iliac crest bone biopsies and serum biochemistry in 53 black male drinkers, 38 with (Fe+) and 15 without (Fe\u2212) iron overload, and in controls. We reasoned that abnormalities found in both patient groups were likely to be caused by alcohol abuse and those found only in the Fe+ group to be caused by iron overload and hypovitaminosis C (iron\/C\u2212). The patient groups differed only with respect to greater erosion depth (p &amp;lt; 0.05) and abnormal markers of iron overload in the Fe+ group. Ascorbic acid levels were lower in the Fe+ group than in controls (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Bone volume and trabecular thickness were significantly lower in both patient groups compared with controls and therefore likely caused by alcohol. There were no positive correlations between formation and erosion variables in either patient group, which suggests uncoupling of formation from erosion, possibly as a result of alcohol abuse. Prolonged mineralization lag time associated with thin osteoid seams was found in 32% of patients, affecting both groups. This rules out osteomalacia and suggests osteoblast dysfunction, probably caused by alcohol. The number of iron granules in the marrow correlated with erosion depth (r = 0.373, p &amp;lt; 0.01), trabecular number (r = -0.295, p &amp;lt; 0.05), and trabecular separation (r = 0.347, p &amp;lt; 0.05). Abnormalities in these variables were therefore attributed mainly to iron\/C\u2212. Several formation variables were significantly directly correlated with indicators of iron overload, suggesting that iron\/C\u2212 does not adversely affect bone formation. We conclude that alcohol abuse was predominantly associated with thinning of trabeculae and iron overload and hypovitaminosis C with increased erosion depth and disconnection of the trabecular network. Osteomalacia was not seen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650091205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T16:16:16Z","timestamp":1265213776000},"page":"1865-1873","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Osteoporosis in african hemosiderosis: Role of alcohol and iron"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Schnitzler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Patrick","family":"Macphail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iron and Red Cell Metabolism Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, and Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Shires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Schnaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia M.","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather J.","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024013113132875900_bib1","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Clinical Haematology. 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