{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T15:39:55Z","timestamp":1760888395507,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]],"date-time":"1995-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":812505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immune and skeletal systems are known to interact. We have repeatedly shown that in contrast to in vitro data, the administration of T lymphocyte immunosuppressants, such as cyclosporin A, leads to an increase in bone resorption and a high turnover osteopenia. The purpose of this study was to characterize the bone metabolism of the T lymphocyte deficient Rowett athymic homozygous (rnu\/rnu) nude rat. We wished to determine whether these rats share the bone abnormalities of cyclosporin A\u2013treated rats. Eleven 10-week-old Sprague\u2013Dawley rats and 12 similarly aged nude rats were studied over a 4-week period. Metaphyseal cancellous bone histomorphometry was similar in the two groups of rats and only differed with regard to percentage eroded perimeter (lower in nude rats, p = 0.008) and longitudinal growth rate (49% lower in nude rats, p &amp;lt; 0.001). The nude rats had less body mass (p &amp;lt; 0.001) but nevertheless gained the same percentage of their body weight over the study period. The athymic rats had lower levels of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (p &amp;lt; 0.014) and serum osteocalcin (p &amp;lt; 0.009), and at the age of 14 weeks the nude rats had lower concentrations of serum creatinine (p = 0.001) and blood ionized calcium (p = 0.0002), yet serum PTH was similar throughout. RNA isolated from the contralateral tibias revealed that the nude group had lower steady-state levels of osteocalcin mRNA despite similar rates of bone formation. In its entirety, the data suggest that T cell deficiency per se is not necessarily associated with high turnover osteopenia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650101018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T16:01:16Z","timestamp":1265212876000},"page":"1556-1565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Bone mineral metabolism in T lymphocyte\u2013deficient and \u2013replete strains of rat"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Farrel J.","family":"Buchinsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary N.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boguslaw","family":"Rucinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haldon P.","family":"Bryer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara V.","family":"Paynton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Webster S.S.","family":"Jee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey N.","family":"Hendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calcium Research Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Dr. Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2024013113141771300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(89)90086-3","article-title":"The Metabolism and Immunology of Bone","volume":"19","author":"Watrous","year":"1989","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-197-43249","article-title":"Bone and the immune system","volume":"197","author":"Gruber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(92)90025-J","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated suppression of T lymphocyte functions and failure of T cell-activating cytokines to restore proliferation","volume":"34","author":"Muller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(87)90079-1","article-title":"Vitamin D and the immune system","volume":"49","author":"Amento","year":"1987","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650060807","article-title":"Evidence for interleukin-1\u03b2 production by cultured normal human osteoblast-like cells","volume":"6","author":"Keeting","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.131.5.1425421","article-title":"Evidence for an autocrine\/paracrine role for interleukin-6 in bone resorption by giant cells from giant cell tumors of bone","volume":"131","author":"Ohsaki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-2-661","article-title":"Production of Granulocyte-Macrophage (GM-CSF) and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) by rat clonal osteoblastic cell population CRP 10\/30 and the immortalized cell line IRC 10\/30-mycl stimulated by Tumor Necrosis Factor \u03b1","volume":"128","author":"Felix","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650060810","article-title":"Binding of Insulin-like Growth Factors to cultured rat calvarial cells with differing biologic responses","volume":"6","author":"Cantrell","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)80793-7","article-title":"The chondro-osseous dysplasia of adenosine deaminase deficiency with severe combined immunodeficiency","volume":"89","author":"Cedarbaum","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Ped"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib10","first-page":"99","article-title":"Radiology of immunodeficiency syndromes","volume":"1","author":"Herman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Postgrad Radiol"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650050808","article-title":"T lymphocyte surface antigen markers in osteoporosis","volume":"5","author":"Rosen","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650050413","article-title":"Quantitative bone histomorphometry and circulating T lymphocyte subsets in post-menopausal osteoporosis","volume":"5","author":"Imai","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4616","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.13.4616","article-title":"Spontaneous release of interleukin 1 from human blood monocytes reflects bone formation in idiopathic osteoporosis","volume":"84","author":"Pacifici","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.2.8393776","article-title":"Increased interleukin-6 production by murine bone marrow and bone cells after estrogen withdrawal","volume":"133","author":"Passeri","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024013113141771300_bib15","first-page":"439","article-title":"A distinct and heirarchically central role of interleukin-11 among other cytokines in osteoclast development","volume":"53","author":"Girasole","year":"1993","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-123-5-2571","article-title":"Cyclosporin A in vivo produces severe osteopenia in the rat: effect of dose and duration of administration","volume":"123","author":"Movsowitz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199404270-00016","article-title":"The deleterious effects of long-term cyclosporin A, cyclosporin G, and FK506 on bone mineral metabolism in vivo","volume":"57","author":"Cvetkovic","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650100513","article-title":"Rapamycin: A bone sparing immunosuppressant?","volume":"10","author":"Romero","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140407","article-title":"Bone loss after liver transplantation","volume":"14","author":"McDonald","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib20","first-page":"950","article-title":"Cyclosporine A and prednisone-associated osteoporosis in heart transplant recipients","volume":"11","author":"Rich","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91862-4","article-title":"Bone histology in renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporin","volume":"1","author":"Aubia","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650070202","article-title":"Posttransplantation bone disease","volume":"7","author":"Katz","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib23","article-title":"Cyclosporine maintains high bone turnover with cortical bone loss after heart transplantation","volume":"9","author":"Thi\u00e9baud","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556041","article-title":"Cyclosporines: correlation of immunosuppressive activity and inhibition of bone resorption","volume":"45","author":"Stewart","year":"1989","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(94)90053-1","article-title":"Utilization of cyclosporine H to elucidate the possible mechanisms of cyclosporine A-in-duced osteopenia in the rat","volume":"43","author":"Rucinski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Metabolism: Clin Exp"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-3-1638","article-title":"Cyclosporin-A in vitro decreases bone resorption, osteoclast formation, and the fusion of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage","volume":"128","author":"Orcel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024013113141771300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)11038-0","article-title":"Cyclosporin A inhibits bone resorption in cultured neonatal mouse calvaria","volume":"243","author":"Klaushofer","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"5669","key":"2024013113141771300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/274365a0","article-title":"An athymic nude mutation in the rat","volume":"274","author":"Festing","year":"1978","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2024013113141771300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.34.1-2.3","article-title":"The mu (Rowett Nude) and muN (nznu, New Zealand Nude) rat: an update","volume":"34","author":"Schuurman","year":"1992","journal-title":"ILAR News"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679108993603","article-title":"Bone metabolism and repair are normal in athymic rats","volume":"62","author":"Kirkeby","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(89)90144-0","article-title":"A comparison of bone turnover in athymic (nude) and euthymic mice: biochemical, histomorphometric, bone ash and in vitro studies","volume":"10","author":"McCauley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024013113141771300_bib32","first-page":"301","article-title":"Abnormal bone remodeling activity in the immunodeficient nude (Nu\/Nu) and motheaten (me\/me) mice","volume":"33","author":"Vignery","year":"1981","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)85831-3","article-title":"Absence of the vitamin K-dependent bone protein in fetal rat mineral. Evidence for another gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing component in bone","volume":"255","author":"Price","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"year":"1994","author":"Rucinski","key":"2024013113141771300_bib34"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib35","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Handbook of Bone Morphology","author":"Jee","year":"1983"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650020617","article-title":"Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols and units. Report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Committee","volume":"2","author":"Parfitt","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(89)90483-1","article-title":"Isolation and analysis of ribonucleic acids from skeletal tissue","volume":"183","author":"Nemeth","year":"1989","journal-title":"Analyt Biochem"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-127-2-588","article-title":"Interferon-g inhibits 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-stimulated synthesis of bone gla protein in rat osteosarcoma cells by a pretranslational mechanism","volume":"127","author":"Nanes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090109","article-title":"The influence of age on cyclosporin A-induced alterations in bone mineral metabolism in the rat in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Katz","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-2-573","article-title":"Bone mineral homeostasis in spontaneously diabetic BB rats. Impaired bone turnover and decreased osteocalcin synthesis","volume":"124","author":"Verhaeghe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-123-1-290","article-title":"Bone mineral metabolism in experimental diabetes mellitus: Osteocalcin as a measure of bone remodeling","volume":"123","author":"Glajchen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556596","article-title":"Serum bone gla-protein is not a sensitive marker of bone turnover in Paget's disease of bone","volume":"38","author":"Delmas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.1.369","article-title":"DNA sequences in the rat osteocalcin gene that bind the 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor and confer responsiveness to 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3","volume":"87","author":"Demay","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.4.1143","article-title":"Structure of the rat osteocalcin gene and regulation of vitamin D-dependent expression","volume":"86","author":"Lian","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib45","first-page":"207","article-title":"The thymus reconstituted nude rat: Lymphocyte subpopulations and immunological characteristics","volume":"10","author":"Hougen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Thymus"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830100112","article-title":"Studies on the immunobiology of rnu\/rnu \u201cnude\u201d rats with congenital aplasia of the thymus","volume":"10","author":"Brooks","year":"1980","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib47","first-page":"285","article-title":"The alloreactive potential of T-like cells from athymic nude rats (rnu\/rnu)","volume":"19","author":"Schwinzer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024013113141771300_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199202010-00040","article-title":"Allograft rejection in CD4\u2032 T cell-reconstituted athymic nude rats\u2014The nonessential role of host-derived CD8' cells","volume":"53","author":"Bradley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2024013113141771300_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-5-2179","article-title":"The effect of cyclosporin A administration and its with-drawal on bone mineral metabolism in the rat","volume":"124","author":"Sehlosberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbmr.5650101018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/10\/10\/1556\/56499794\/5650101018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/10\/10\/1556\/56499794\/5650101018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T08:52:48Z","timestamp":1739782368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/10\/10\/1556-1565\/7500649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650101018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0884-0431"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1523-4681"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]]}}}