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GH treatment increased serum osteocalcin (p &amp;lt; 0.01) and C-terminal type-I procollagen propeptide (p &amp;lt; 0.01) and also serum levels of type-I collagen telopeptide (p &amp;lt; 0.001), fasting urinary hydroxyproline\/creatinine (p &amp;lt; 0.05), pyridinoline\/creatinine (p &amp;lt; 0.05), and deoxypyridinoline\/creatinine (p &amp;lt; 0.01) in a dose-dependent fashion. Even the lowest dose of GH tested induced a significant increase in these parameters; however, the effects were transient lasting only 1\u20132 weeks. In the highest dose group, however, a somewhat prolonged effect (30 days) on serum osteocalcin was observed. Furthermore, GH increased serum levels of IGF-I, insulin, and tri-iodothyronin. No effect on serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or parathyroid hormone could be demonstrated. Adverse effects were mainly related to fluid retention. They were clearly dose-dependent and rapidly reversible. In conclusion, short-term GH treatment stimulates bone formation and bone resorption in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650101205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T16:02:57Z","timestamp":1265212977000},"page":"1865-1874","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Short-term treatment with growth hormone stimulates osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity in osteopenic postmenopausal women: A dose response study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kim","family":"Brixen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus Bone and Mineral Research Group, the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and the Institute of Experimental Clinical Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moustapha","family":"Kassem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus Bone and Mineral Research 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