{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:53:50Z","timestamp":1767909230271,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,22]],"date-time":"2003-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1050969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":111,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study investigated the working hypothesis that a widely used fungicide captan exerts toxic effects on nontarget organisms. Transgenic <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70\u2010lacZ)<\/jats:italic> was used as a model by assaying stress gene expression as an endpoint for cytotoxicity and also to evaluate whether stress gene expression is sufficient enough to protect and to prevent tissue damage against toxic insult of the chemical. The study was further extended to understand the effect of the pesticide on development, life cycle, and reproduction of the organism and finally to evaluate a concentration of the chemical to be nontoxic to the organism. The study showed that (i) captan causes cytotoxicity at and above 0.015 ppm; (ii) at 0.0015 ppm captan, absence of <jats:italic>hsp70<\/jats:italic> expression in the exposed organism was evaluated as the concentration referred to as no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>; (iii) emergence pattern of flies was affected only at the highest concentration of captan by 4 days, while hatching and survivorship were unaffected even at this concentration; (iv) reproductive performance was significantly affected only at 125.0 and 1250.0 ppm captan, while in the lower dietary concentrations no such deleterious effects were observed; (v) at 1250.0 ppm, <jats:italic>hsp70<\/jats:italic> failed to protect the cells from toxicant assault after 48 h exposure, thus leading to tissue damage as revealed by Trypan Blue staining. The present study shows the cytotoxic potential of captan and further reveals the application of stress genes in determining NOAEL and its expression as bioindicator of exposure to environmental contaminants. \u00a9 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:98\u2013107, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002\/jbt.10066<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.10066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,21]],"date-time":"2004-10-21T17:53:21Z","timestamp":1098381201000},"page":"98-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Evaluation of toxic potential of captan: Induction of <i>hsp70<\/i> and tissue damage in transgenic <i>drosophila melanogaster (hsp70\u2010lacZ) Bg<sup>9<\/sup><\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Aamir","family":"Nazir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indranil","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. K.","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Saeed","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. Kar","family":"Chowdhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298668391404653"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1969.tb15854.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","volume-title":"Heat shock response of eukaryotic cells","author":"Nover L","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"5","volume-title":"The heat shock response","author":"Nover L","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"34","article-title":"How cells respond to stress","author":"Welch WJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90611-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13547500010009573"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1379\/1466-1268(2001)006<0153:EFHAAB>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002440010270"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014433711554"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(83)90173-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Prevention of food adulteration act and rules","author":"Chaddha DS","year":"1952"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(85)90046-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(81)90135-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pest.1998.2390"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00292427"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620130802"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.24.9123"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.14.2007","article-title":"Tissue specific variation in Hsp70 expression and thermal damage in Drosophila melanogaster larvae","volume":"200","author":"Krebs RA","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","volume-title":"Molecular cloning, a laboratory manual","author":"Sambrook J","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02927855"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/209084a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"20","article-title":"Studies on the sublethal effect of pyrethrins on the grain weevil, Calandra oryzae L","volume":"6","author":"Chadwick PR","year":"1962","journal-title":"Pyrethrum Post"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408449309104074"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(96)03316-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002449900458"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"146","volume-title":"Pesticide manual","author":"Tomlin C","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-406050-0.50018-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(99)00134-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(01)00054-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-9088-5_28"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/135475099230633"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-001-0013-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbt.10066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbt.10066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T01:21:32Z","timestamp":1696641692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbt.10066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbt.10066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.10066","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1095-6670","1099-0461"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1095-6670","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0461","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}}}