{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:20:13Z","timestamp":1777501213431,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,23]],"date-time":"2006-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1140652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010Glu is the most important and widespread excitatory neurotransmitter of the vertebrates. Four types of receptors for <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010glu have been described. This neurotransmitter modulates several neuronal processes, and its dysfunction causes chronic and acute diseases. <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010Glu action is terminated by five distinct transporters. Antagonists for these receptors and modulators of these transporters have anticonvulsant and neuroprotective potentials, as observed with the acylpoliamines and peptides isolated from spiders, solitary and social wasp venoms. On the other hand, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian nervous tissue is the GABA. Drugs that enhance GABA neurotransmission comprise effective approaches to protecting the brain against neuronal injury. Is this study, we demonstrate for the first time the inhibition of the [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]<jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010glu binding to its specific sites in synaptosomal membranes from rat cerebral cortex, produced by 0.027 U of <jats:italic>Paratemnus elongatus<\/jats:italic> venom (EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>). The venom of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>elongatus<\/jats:italic> changes <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> into the high affinity uptake of the <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010glu and decreases <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> into the parameters of the GABA uptake from rat synaptosomes. This leads us to speculate on the possible presence of selective and specific compounds in this venom that act in <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010glu and GABA dynamics, and therefore, that can serve as tools and new drug models for understanding these neurotransmissions. \u00a9 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 20:27\u201334, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.interscience.wiley.com\">www.interscience.wiley.com<\/jats:ext-link>). DOI 10.1002\/jbt.20113<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,23]],"date-time":"2006-02-23T22:46:38Z","timestamp":1140734798000},"page":"27-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of the <i>paratemnus elongatus<\/i> pseudoscorpion venom in the uptake and binding of the <scp>L<\/scp>\u2010glutamate and GABA from rat cerebral cortex"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wagner Ferreira","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Coutinho\u2010Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(90)90038-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"426","volume-title":"The Ion Channel\u2014Facts Book\u2014Extracellular Ligand\u2010Gated Channels, I","author":"Conley EC","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568007053544093"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/359144a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/355050a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"503","volume-title":"The NMDA Receptor","author":"Collingridge GL","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08912.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.51.1.119","article-title":"Cloning and expression of rat metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 revels a dsitinct pharmacological profile","volume":"51","author":"Sangstad JA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90091-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.17.030194.000335"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(97)00085-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(00)00067-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-004-6913-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1981.tb04112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7079744"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(90)90184-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2004.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2005.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2806(08)60086-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00042-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CorzoG EscoubasP.Pharmacologically active spider peptide toxins. 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