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Different concentrations of CA (5.5, 11, 22, 44, 66, and 88 \u00b5M) were incubated with lymphocytes for 30 min prior to \u03b3\u2010irradiation, and micronuclei (MN) scoring and comet assay were performed to fix the effective concentration of CA against \u03b3\u2010irradiation. Among all concentrations, 66 \u00b5M of CA showed the optimum protection by effectively decreasing the MN frequencies and comet attributes. From the above\u2010mentioned results, 66 \u00b5M of CA was selected as the effective concentration and was further used to investigate its radioprotective efficacy. For that purpose, a separate experiment was carried out on the lymphocytes in which lymphocytes were preincubated with CA (66 \u00b5M) and were exposed to different doses of radiation (1, 2, 3, and 4 Gy). Genetic damage (MN, dicentric aberration, and comet attributes) and biochemical changes were measured. Gamma\u2010irradiated lymphocytes showed a dose\u2010dependent increase in the genetic damage and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, accompanied by the significant decrease in the antioxidant status, whereas CA pretreatment positively modulated all the radiation\u2010induced changes through its antioxidant potential. The current study demonstrates that CA is effective in protecting lymphocytes against radiation\u2010induced toxicity and encourages further in vivo study to evaluate radioprotective efficacy of CA. \u00a9 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:175\u2013186, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.interscience.wiley.com\">www.interscience.wiley.com<\/jats:ext-link>). 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