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This study aims to evaluate the impact of Russell's viper venom encapsulation on various factors and loading capacity, in addition to explore the physicochemical structure of nanoparticles. FTIR confirmed that tripolyphosphoric groups of TPP linked with ammonium groups of CS in the nanoparticles. Our results showed that CS can react with TPP to form stable cationic nanoparticles. The results also showed that encapsulation efficiency of venom at different concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 500, and 1000\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL were achieved for CS\/TPP nanoparticles at different concentrations of 1.5, 2, and 3 mg\/mL. The cytotoxicity of CS\/TPP nanoparticles was evaluated by MTT (\u20103 (4, 5\u2010Dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102, 5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole) assay. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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