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Owing to the high exposure to toxic substrates, characterization of individual glycine conjugation capacity, and its regulatory factors has become increasingly important. Aspirin and benzoate have been employed for this purpose; however, adverse reactions, aspirin intolerance, and Reye's syndrome in children are substantial drawbacks. The goal of this study was to investigate<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as an alternative glycine conjugation probe. Ten human volunteers participated in a PABA challenge test, and<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010aminohippuric acid (PAHA),<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetamidobenzoic acid, and<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetamidohippuric acid were quantified in urine. The glycine<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acyltransferase gene of the volunteers was also screened for two polymorphisms associated with normal and increased enzyme activity. All of the individuals were homozygous for increased enzyme activity, but excretion of PAHA varied significantly (16\u201356%, hippurate ratio). The intricacies of PABA metabolism revealed possible limiting factors and the potential of PABA as an indicator of Phase 0 biotransformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,21]],"date-time":"2015-10-21T22:53:02Z","timestamp":1445467982000},"page":"136-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Use of<i>p<\/i>\u2010Aminobenzoic Acid as a Probe Substance for the Targeted Profiling of Glycine Conjugation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Carla","family":"Nortje","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Area: Human Metabolomics North\u2010West University Potchefstroom 2531 North\u2010West South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rencia","family":"van der Sluis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Area: Human Metabolomics North\u2010West University Potchefstroom 2531 North\u2010West South 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