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The present study was conducted to explore individual and combined exposure effects of F and SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> on histological alteration and DNA damage in rat brain. For this, male Wistar albino rats were exposed to sodium fluoride (100\u00a0mg\/L NaF) and sulfur dioxide (39.3\u00a0mg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) individually and in combination for 8\u00a0weeks. Histological alteration in brain is evaluated by hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining, showed shrunken neurons, darkly stained small nucleus and decreased cell numbers in F and SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exposed groups. The effect of F and SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> on DNA damage was assessed by comet assay. The results showed an increase in ratio of tailing and tail length in F or\/and SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> administered rats. In addition, the proportion of grade II and III were also increased in individual and combined exposed groups. Compared with the individual exposure, the proportion the grade III was significantly high in combined exposure, suggesting a synergistic effect of F and SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. These results indicate that the brain was more susceptible to the toxic effects of F and SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. And combined exposure to these pollutants can lead more pronounced toxic effects on brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,26]],"date-time":"2017-12-26T13:06:50Z","timestamp":1514293610000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Co\u2010exposure to fluoride and sulfur dioxide on histological alteration and DNA damage in rat brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6638-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University  Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Medical Experiment Center Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine  Xianyang Shaanxi 712046 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University  Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University  Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ram Kumar","family":"Manthari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University  Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiyan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University  Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University  Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jundong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University  Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6005-8376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianhai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University  Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Effects of fluoride accumulation on some enzymes of brain and gastrocnemius muscle of mice","volume":"33","author":"Vani M. 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