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In this study, we systematically investigated the neuron toxicity of antibiotics from six different classes. We show that clinically relevant concentrations of metronidazole, tigecycline, azithromycin and clindamycin but not ampicillin or sulfamethoxazole induce apoptosis of human primary neuron cells and lines. Notably, tigecycline, azithromycin and clindamycin cause neuron cell oxidative damage whereas metronidazole has no effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suggesting that metronidazole induces neuron death via ROS\u2010independent mechanism. Tigecycline, azithromycin and clindamycin induce mitochondrial dysfunctions via targeting different mitochondrial respiratory complexes, leading to mitochondrial membrane potential disruption and energy crisis. The deleterious effects of antibiotics are reversed by pretreatment of neuron cells with antioxidant. Our work highlights the different influences of antibiotics on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and cytotoxicity in neuron cells. We also provide a strategy to prevent the neurotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]],"date-time":"2018-12-31T22:40:33Z","timestamp":1546296033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Different influences on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of antibiotics on primary human neuron and cell lines"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangping","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Medicine Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danfang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-7323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-003-1274-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_3_1","first-page":"611","volume":"62","author":"Holten K. 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