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Keeping all these in view, the present study was performed to investigate the potential protective effects of RN on the retina in diabetic rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group rats, diabetic group rats, diabetic + RN (20\u2009mg\/kg body weight for 28 days through oral route) group rats. RN supplementation to diabetic rats significantly prevent the reduction of final body weight loss, reduced weekly fasting blood glucose levels and HbA1c levels with a significant\u00a0increase in serum insulin levels. quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis found upregulation of Nrf2, NQO\u20101, HO\u20101 and upregulation\u00a0of Keap1 genes and protein distribution along with significantly reduced levels of malondialdehyde and increased activity\u00a0of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in RN\u2010treated diabetic rats as compared to diabetic rats. Furthermore, treatment of diabetic rats with RN showed downregulated expression of tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, matrix metalloproteinase\u20102 and upregulated expression of interleukin\u201010 (IL\u201010) and TIMP\u20101 in the retina. RN treatment decreased nuclear factor kappa\u2010light\u2010chain\u2010enhancer of activated B cells distribution and increased IL\u201010 protein distribution in the retinae of diabetic rats. In addition, RN treatment ameliorated morphological changes observed in retinae of diabetic rats. Altogether, these results provided clear evidence that treatment of diabetic rats with RN attenuated diabetic retinal changes through its hypoglycaemic, antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T15:09:57Z","timestamp":1594739397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Effects of rhaponticin on retinal oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes through NRF2\/HO\u20101\/NF\u2010\u03baB signalling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6486-3804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences,\u00a0Institute of Medical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"448","volume":"8","author":"Wong T. 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