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MPTP (30\u2009mg\/kg, intraperitoneally\u00a0[ip]) was injected in mice daily for 5 consecutive days. Mice were treated with tiron (140 and 280\u2009mg\/kg, ip) or levodopa (8.4\u2009mg\/kg, orally) for 10 consecutive days starting 5 days before MPTP injection. At the end of the experiment, behavioral tests were conducted to assess the neuroprotective effect of tiron. Moreover, oxidative stress was assessed via measuring antioxidant enzyme, such as catalase, and lipid peroxidation was evaluated as malondialdehyde. Neuronal damage was also detected by histopathological examination and via estimating hippocampal levels of dopamine, \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid, and nuclear factor erythroid\u2010derived 2\u2010like 2. In addition, the expression of Kelch\u2010like ECH\u2010associated protein 1\u00a0and heme oxygenase\u20101 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Compared with the blank control group and the positive control group, the inhibitory effect of tiron on MPTP\u2010induced neurodegenerative injury was statistically significant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T10:13:13Z","timestamp":1609150393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Tiron alleviates MPTP\u2010induced Parkinsonism in mice via activation of Keap\u20101\/Nrf2 pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Shrook A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia H.","family":"El\u2010Kashef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manar A.","family":"Nader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5177\/ntvt.2018.10.18176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.03.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00520"},{"issue":"215","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"e1e7","volume":"76","author":"Yang N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol.\u00a0Aging"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(02)00150-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-130230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-0938-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011838"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2017.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-018-0429-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.9b00328"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Levodopa (L\u2010Dopa)","author":"Gandhi K. 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