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However, the exact mechanism for this is not completely understood. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were performed to elucidate the function of micro RNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of male testicular cell injury induced by CS. The results suggested that testicular cell injury was associated with CS both in vitro and in vivo. CS extract (CSE)\u2010treated Leydig and Sertoli cells showed noticeable apoptosis. Based on the results of Agilent miRNA microarray and bioinformatics analyses, miRNA\u2010138\u20105p was used in subsequent experiments. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays showed a negative correlation between miR\u2010138\u20105p and Caspase\u20103 expression. Transfection of miR\u2010138\u20105p mimic significantly inhibited apoptosis and downregulated the expression of Caspase\u20103 in TM3 and TM4 cells. Furthermore, a dual\u2010luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR\u2010138\u20105p directly targeted Caspase\u20103 to regulate the apoptosis of testicular cells mediated by CSE. In addition, overexpression of miR\u2010138\u20105p markedly downregulated the expression of p53 and Bak, which played critical roles in the Bcl\u20102 pathway. These results demonstrate that miRNA\u2010138\u20105p inhibits CS\u2010induced apoptosis in testicular cells by targeting Caspase\u20103 through the Bcl\u20102 signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:02:59Z","timestamp":1618531379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["miRNA\u2010138\u20105p suppresses cigarette smoke\u2010induced apoptosis in testicular cells by targeting Caspase\u20103 through the Bcl\u20102 signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Lijuan","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health Xinjiang Medical University  Urumqi Xinjiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University  Urumqi Xinjiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuping","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Nursing Teaching and Research Section, School of Nursing Xinjiang Medical University  Urumqi Xinjiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health Xinjiang Medical University  Urumqi Xinjiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunxue","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University  Urumqi Xinjiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8873-5479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Xinjiang Medical University  Urumqi Xinjiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.150847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2015.33.3.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2014.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2016.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2020.503222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2010.01058.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22863"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"4271","volume":"26","author":"O'Driscoll L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7050098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/435745a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7866"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b16-00062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-019-0595-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-2031-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3858\/emm.2011.43.4.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.05.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2015.1015928"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066766"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"779","volume":"70","author":"Merritt T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Przegl. 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