{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T02:54:08Z","timestamp":1789008848137,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Monoterpene alpha\u2010pinene possesses antioxidant, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. We evaluated the effect of alpha\u2010pinene on oxidative\/nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and molecular and behavioral changes induced by beta\u2010amyloid (A\u03b2)\n                    <jats:sub>1\u201042<\/jats:sub>\n                    in rats and investigated the possible mechanisms of these outcomes. Male Wistar rats received alpha\u2010pinene (50\u2009mg\/kg intraperitoneally) for 14 consecutive days after intrahippocampal injection of A\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>1\u201042<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Alpha\u2010pinene decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, increased glutathione content, and enhanced catalase activity in A\u03b2\u2010injected rats. Also, messenger RNA expression of tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, interleukin\u20101\u03b2, interleukin\u20106, nuclear factor \u03baB, and\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010methyl\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010aspartate receptor subunits 2A and 2B reduced in the hippocampus of these animals. Besides this, alpha\u2010pinene repressed the A\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>1\u201042<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced reduction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor \u03b17 subunit and brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor expression. Treatment with alpha\u2010pinene caused A\u03b2\u2010receiving rats to spend more time in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze test and led to an increase in percentages of open arm entrance and time spent in the open arm in the elevated plus\u2010maze test. We concluded that alpha\u2010pinene strengthens the antioxidant system and prevents neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of rats receiving A\u03b2. It improves spatial learning and memory and reduces anxiety\u2010like behavior in these animals. Consequently, alpha\u2010pinene alleviates A\u03b2\u2010induced oxidative\/nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits. It is probably a suitable candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T07:27:46Z","timestamp":1645082866000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Neuroprotective effect of alpha\u2010pinene is mediated by suppression of the TNF\u2010\u03b1\/NF\u2010\u03baB pathway in Alzheimer's disease rat model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Mohammad\u2010Kazem","family":"Khan\u2010Mohammadi\u2010Khorrami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch Islamic Azad University  Zanjan 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