{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T05:20:35Z","timestamp":1768454435354,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drug\u2010induced liver injury (DILI) is an adverse outcome of the currently used tuberculosis treatment regimen, which results in patient noncompliance, poor treatment outcomes, and the emergence of drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis. DILI is primarily caused by the toxicity of the drugs and their metabolites, which affect liver cells, biliary epithelial cells, and liver vasculature. However, the precise mechanism behind the cellular damage attributable to first\u2010line antitubercular drugs (ATDs), as well as the effect of toxicity on the cell survival strategies, is yet to be elucidated. In the current study, HepG2 cells upon treatment with a high concentration of ATDs showed increased perforation within the cell, cuboidal shape, and membrane blebbing as compared with control\/untreated cells. It was observed that ATD\u2010induced toxicity in HepG2 cells leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability, which was depicted by the decreased fluorescence intensity of the MitoRed tracker dye at higher drug concentrations. In addition, high doses of ATDs caused cell damage through an increase in reactive oxygen species production in HepG2 cells and a simultaneous reduction in glutathione levels. Further, high dose of isoniazid (50\u2013200\u2009mM), pyrazinamide (50\u2013200\u2009mM), and rifampicin (20\u2013100\u2009\u00b5M) causes cell apoptosis and affects cell survival during toxic conditions by decreasing the expression of potent autophagy markers Atg5, Atg7, and LC3B. Thus, ATD\u2010mediated toxicity contributes to the reduced ability of hepatocytes to tolerate cellular damage caused by altered mitochondrial membrane permeability, increased apoptosis, and decreased autophagy. These findings further emphasize the need to develop adjuvant therapies that can mitigate ATD\u2010induced toxicity for the effective treatment of tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T10:45:23Z","timestamp":1685529923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular and cellular remodeling of HepG2 cells upon treatment with antitubercular drugs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Shikha","family":"Bakshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maninder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arpana","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6631-1704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadhna","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"WHOGlobal Tuberculosis Report2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization;2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_3","unstructured":"Geneva2018."},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"278","volume":"88","author":"Taneja D. P.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Indian Med. Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(86)90003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"107","volume":"30","author":"Purohit S.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Indian J. Tuberc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.2.465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000457640"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.05207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2015.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.17995.64807"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"706","volume":"12","author":"Nadanaciva S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"IDrugs Investi. Drugs J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471140856.tx0215s40"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709788803097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327103ht401oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ETAP.2013.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327111433901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3550653"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/3357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.02026.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2012.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/096368908786576444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.9.4350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200510-1666ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021836"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01981506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2006.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-2999(02)02383-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(96)00109-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483x(92)90053-h"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20021121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M708916200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.02.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00663-0_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-011-0774-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.5.1178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1482"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2012.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.422071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19051335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.11.17653"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2018.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/JENVIRONPATHOLTOXICOLONCOL.2016013789"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbt.23386","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T12:55:25Z","timestamp":1691672125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbt.23386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbt.23386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.23386","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1095-6670","1099-0461"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1095-6670","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0461","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e23386"}}