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To determine whether atrazine influences the brain\u2010pituitary\u2010testicular axis directly or indirectly, the present study examined the toxic effects of atrazine on fertility potential by assessing gonadal hormones, testicular function indices, sperm quality, and oxido\u2010inflammatory markers in rats. Twelve animals were grouped into two groups; control and atrazine. The control group received oral administration of olive oil (2\u2009mL\/kg), while the atrazine group received 120\u2009mg\/kg of atrazine. Treatments were daily and lasted for 7 days. Upon treatment cessation, rats were necropsied for biochemical and histopathological analyses. The biochemical function indices in the rat brain, testis, and epididymis decreased significantly in the atrazine group. Atrazine exposure led to decreases in gonadal hormonal concentrations, semen quality parameters, and testicular function indices compared with the control. Furthermore, there was a marked increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers as well as degeneration of the histo\u2010architecture in atrazine\u2010treated rats. Overall, atrazine exposure impaired sperm quality, led to increased inflammation and oxidative stress, and decreased the activity of the brain\u2010pituitary\u2010testicular axis via endocrine disruption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:07:30Z","timestamp":1699229250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Atrazine exposure caused oxidative stress in male rats and inhibited brain\u2010pituitary\u2010testicular functions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3721-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damilare E.","family":"Rotimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SDG 03 Group \u2013 Good Health &amp; Well\u2010being Landmark University Omu Aran Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine &amp; Toxicology Laboratory Landmark University  Omu\u2010Aran Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9331-396X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwafemi A.","family":"Ojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB\u2010RL) Bowen University Iwo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9342-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluyomi S.","family":"Adeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SDG 03 Group \u2013 Good Health &amp; Well\u2010being Landmark University Omu Aran Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine &amp; Toxicology Laboratory Landmark University  Omu\u2010Aran Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal Biochemistry &amp; Biochemical Toxicology Bowen University Iwo Nigeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Osaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2345283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-018-0804-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Zoological Society","author":"Ghosh A.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327112472995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6580.97224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-009-9371-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13509"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233714555389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2014.989349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152761"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"59","volume":"9","author":"Adedara I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. 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