{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:37:08Z","timestamp":1787236628405,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder alters gonadal development and spermatogenesis,\u00a0reactive oxygen\u00a0species production, DNA damage, and apoptosis, which subsequently lead to male subfertility. Eugenol is an antioxidant, traditionally used as medication for digestive disorders and antioxidant therapy, decrease transport of glucose from GIT to systemic circulation. This experiment was aimed to decipher cellular and molecular insights of eugenol in protecting diabetic germ cells in rats. Rats were assigned randomly into five groups: control, eugenol control (Eugenol 400; EUG), diabetic (DIA), diabetic\u2009+\u2009eugenol 100 (DIA\u2009+\u2009EUG 100), and diabetic\u2009+\u2009eugenol 400 (DIA\u2009+\u2009EUG 400). EUG 400 and DIA\u2009+\u2009EUG 400 groups received 400\u2009mg\/kg eugenol orally. DIA\u2009+\u2009EUG 100 group received 100\u2009mg\/kg eugenol. Treatment was conducted for 4 weeks. Type 1 diabetes was induced by injecting a single i.p. dose of streptozotocin (55\u2009mg\/kg). Morphometric, biochemical, sperm parameters, oxidative stress, hormonal levels, histopathology, and fibrosis in the testis and epididymis, were evaluated. DNA damage was evaluated using halo and comet assays; DNA fragmentation and apoptosis using TUNEL assay. Eugenol treatment significantly normalized biochemical parameters, reduced MDA while increased albumin and GSH levels in diabetes. Eugenol significantly increased sperm numbers, motility and attenuated abnormal sperm head morphology in diabetes. Moreover, eugenol significantly reversed diabetes\u2010induced cellular damages, altered spermatogenesis, and collagen deposition in testis and epididymis. It also significantly attenuated diabetes\u2010associated DNA breaks and apoptosis. These findings suggest that 4 weeks treatment with 400\u2009mg\/kg of eugenol could be beneficial for diabetic patients to prevent subfertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T04:53:35Z","timestamp":1701665615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Protective role of eugenol against diabetes\u2010induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in rat testes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sri R.","family":"Chilukoti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S Nagar Mohali Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chittaranjan","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S Nagar Mohali Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9437-7252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gopabandhu","family":"Jena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S Nagar Mohali Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2017.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.10058"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612811319320005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/102158"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-016-1488-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.150844"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2018.1543329"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719114533729"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S141738"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"1","volume":"2023","author":"Xu R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oxid. 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