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The control group was injected with normal physiological saline subcutaneously for 2 days. The second group was injected with ISO at a dose of 85\u2009mg\/kg bwt subcutaneously for 2 days. The third, fourth and fifth groups were supplemented with ASX at doses of 10, 20, 30\u2009mg\/kg bwt, respectively daily by oral gavage for 21 days then injected with ISO dose of 85\u2009mg\/kg bwt subcutaneously for 2 successive days. Isoproterenol administration in rats elevated the activities of Creatine kinase\u2010MB (CK\u2010MB), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and other serum cardiac biomarkers Troponin\u2010I activities, oxidative stress biomarkers, malondialdehyde(MDA), Nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (NF\u2010KB), while it decreased Peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor\u2010gamma coactivator (PGC\u20101\u03b1), Nuclear factor erythroid\u20102\u2010related factor 2 (Nfe212), mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (mt TFA), mitochondrial DNA copy number and glutathione system parameters. However, Astaxanthin decreased the activities of serum AST, LDH, CK\u2010MB, and Troponin I that elevated by ISO. In addition, it increased glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, total glutathione and reduced GSH content, and GSH\/GSSG ratio, mtDNA copy number, PGC\u20101\u03b1 expression and Tfam expression that improved mitochondrial biogenesis while it decreased GSSG and MDA contents and NF\u2010KB level in the cardiac tissues. This study indicated that astaxanthin relieved isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction via scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage and apoptosis in cardiac tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T11:13:33Z","timestamp":1723461213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Astaxanthin ameliorated isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction via improving the mitochondrial function and antioxidant activity in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Doaa Salah Eddin","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Menoufia University Shebin El Koom Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maher A.","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim El\u2010Tantawy","family":"El\u2010Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Menoufia University Shebin El Koom Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Binsuwaidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1160-5040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elshaymaa I.","family":"Elmongy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Helwan University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohand Kareem","family":"Razzaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine University of Sumer Thi\u2010Qar Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mabrouk Attia","family":"Abd Eldaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Menoufia University Shibin El\u2010Kom Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El S. 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