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Although previous studies have shown that cadmium and ketoprofen individually cause cognitive impairment, there is a lack of information on the combined neurological effects of the two substances. We investigated the neurological consequences of persistent cadmium exposure in the presence of ketoprofen on adult zebrafish, providing an essential model for understanding cumulative impacts on vertebrate organisms. Behavioral assessments, bioaccumulation rates, biochemical studies, and histopathological exams were conducted over 42 days in authentic environmental settings. The results of our study show that cadmium (10\u2009\u00b5g\/L) and ketoprofen (10 and 100\u2009\u00b5g\/L) at environmentally relevant concentrations had a significant impact on locomotor activity, social interactions, and cognitive responses, indicating cumulative neurotoxicity in co\u2010exposure groups compared to single pollutant groups. Biochemical tests show disturbances in antioxidant defense systems, while histological examinations reveal structural changes in zebrafish brain regions. Ketoprofen influences cadmium accumulation in the brain, underscoring the importance of conducting complete evaluations to understand the intricate interactions between environmental pollutants. This study improves our understanding of the complex interactions between heavy metals and medications, stressing the need to consider combined exposure when assessing the neurological effects on vertebrate models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T10:07:06Z","timestamp":1728986826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neurobehavioral and bioaccumulative toxicity in adult in\u2010vivo zebrafish model due to prolonged cadmium exposure in the presence of ketoprofen"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Madesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gokul","family":"Sudhakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramu","family":"Meenatchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Manikandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagarajan Balachandran","family":"Dhayanithi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR) Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhlid H.","family":"Almutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bader O.","family":"Almutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8583-9352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajay","family":"Guru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0240-7141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesu","family":"Arockiaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-021-05274-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ijec.20190302.14"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"112","volume":"2","author":"Duruibe J. 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