{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:26:40Z","timestamp":1790728000298,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics (PET\u2010NPs) are one of the most frequently distributed nanoplastics in daily life. Betaine is thought to be a promising hepatoprotective agent. The current investigation focused on whether orally administered PET\u2010NPs caused hepatotoxicity and ameliorative effect of betaine. Forty adult male Swiss albino mice were randomly split into four groups: group I control, group II betaine (1000\u2009mg\/kg I\/P), group III PET\u2010NPs (200\u2009mg\/kg orally), and group IV betaine plus PET\u2010NPs at doses similar to group II&amp; III respectively. After 30 days, blood sample were collected then animals were euthanized and liver specimens were dissected out for biochemical and histopathological examination. PET\u2010NPs induced a significant elevation in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as an increase in the inflammatory genes a proto\u2010oncogene (c\u2010FOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05), with a substantial decrease in glutathione (GSH) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). Furthermore, on the level of histopathological analysis PET\u2010NPs caused alterations in hepatic tissue architecture as vascular dilatation and congestion with hepatocytes degeneration, bile duct epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltrations While on the level of immunohistochemistry, PET\u2010NPs trigger positive tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (NF\u2010\u04a0B) expression in comparison to control. Meanwhile, betaine treatment reduced the deleterious effects of PET\u2010NPs. To summarize, PET\u2010NPs may cause hepatotoxicity in mice, with a belief that betaine could mitigate the detrimental impact.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T06:31:53Z","timestamp":1733725913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["\u201cPolyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics Caused Hepatotoxicity in Mice Can be Prevented by Betaine: Molecular and Immunohistochemical Insights\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2203-2994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nehal A.","family":"Kamel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytology and Histology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8261-8653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina W.","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytology and Histology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebtihal M. M.","family":"EL\u2010Leithy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytology and Histology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel F.","family":"Tohamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha M.","family":"Rashad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada E.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel Aleem A.","family":"El\u2010Saba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytology and Histology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114397"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2019.0176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ancene.2016.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-018-0212-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115890"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. 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