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MicroRNAs (miRNAs), essential posttranscriptional regulators, have become pivotal modulators of these relationships. Recent findings indicate that miRNAs actively regulate immunological responses to <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic> complex by modulating autophagy, apoptosis, and immune cell activities. This has resulted in increased interest in miRNAs as prospective diagnostic indicators for TB, especially in differentiating active infection from latent or inactive stages. Variations in miRNA expression during <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic> infection indicate disease progression and offer insights into the immune response. Furthermore, miRNAs present potential as therapeutic targets in host\u2010directed therapy (HDT) techniques for TB infection. This work examines the function of miRNAs in TB pathogenesis, with the objective of identifying particular miRNAs that regulate the immune response to the <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic> complex, evaluating their diagnostic value and exploring their therapeutic implications in host\u2010directed therapy for TB infection. The objective is to enhance comprehension of how miRNAs can facilitate improved diagnosis and treatment of TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]],"date-time":"2025-01-12T16:35:46Z","timestamp":1736699746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Harnessing miRNAs: A Novel Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Doghish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Badr University in Cairo (BUC) Badr City Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys) Al\u2010Azhar University Nasr City Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed I.","family":"Abulsoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy 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