{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T09:00:54Z","timestamp":1781168454564,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012521","name":"Universitas Gadjah Mada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012521","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The risk of metabolic disorders is increasing due to high\u2010fat diets. An imbalance between the absorption and utilization of fatty acids results in lipid accumulation. CD36 is a scavenger receptor involved in fatty acid uptake and immunity. Theoretically, CD36 inhibition will prevent lipid accumulation. CD36 has several known inhibitors, such as sulfo\u2010N\u2010succinimidyl oleate sodium (SSO). Therefore, this study aimed to find the optimal concentration of SSO on HepG2 cells and its effects on FFA uptake, ER stress, and inflammation. HepG2 cell viability assay against various concentrations of SSO was conducted to determine the 50% cell growth inhibition (IC50). The cultures were given SSO in IC50, \u00bd IC50, \u00bc IC50, and 1\/8 IC50 concentrations and treated with palmitic acid. Cell morphology was observed. FFA uptake was evaluated. Real\u2010time PCR was used to determine\n                    <jats:italic>CHOP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u20108<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>TNF\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA expressions. The \u00bc IC50 of SSO is effective in inhibiting FFA uptake without causing a decrease in cell viability. Downregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>CHOP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u20108<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>TNF\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    was seen after SSO administration, especially at \u00bc IC50. In conclusion, the \u00bc IC50 SSO concentration was the safest and most optimal concentration in reducing FFA uptake and the expressions of\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u20108<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>TNF\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>CHOP<\/jats:italic>\n                    in HepG2 cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T18:52:41Z","timestamp":1743274361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sulfo\u2010N\u2010Succinimidyl Oleate Sodium as CD36 Inhibitor: Dose Optimization and Its Effects on FFA Uptake, Inflammation, and ER Stress in HepG2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1527-6152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Widya","family":"Wasityastuti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabrina Farras","family":"Tsany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanif Shidqi","family":"Pasaribu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahmalia Diani","family":"Saffana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Saputra","family":"Wahyudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dwi Aris Agung","family":"Nugrahaningsih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 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