{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:44:35Z","timestamp":1790221475193,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to identify the effects of major metal components present in particulate matter (PM)2.5 on the reproductive system, sperm function, and embryo development. Through intratracheal instillation, male mice were exposed to various concentrations of metal components, including calcium oxide (Ca), iron oxide (Fe), aluminum oxide (Al), zinc oxide (Zn), lead oxide (Pb), and a mixture of these metals, in PM2.5 collected from the porcine farm. After 14 days, testicular inflammation and abnormal sperm morphology were observed in the exposed mice. These results indicate that such metal exposure enhances inflammatory cytokines in the testis and oxidative stress\u2010induced apoptosis. Moreover, the exposure influenced sperm deformation, capacitation status, testosterone levels, and testosterone biosynthesis. Importantly, embryo development was also found to be impacted due to decreased sperm fertility. This study demonstrates that major metal components of PM2.5 derived from porcine farm pose adverse effects on the male reproductive system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T12:01:07Z","timestamp":1745841667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of PM2.5 Metal Components Derived From Porcine Farm Exposure on Sperm Function in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Chae Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science Kyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chae Rim","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science Kyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eungyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science Kyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanghyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science Kyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeonjin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science Kyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science Kyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science Kyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science Kyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junsu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Environment Division National Institute of Animal Science Wanju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minwoong","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Environment Division National Institute of Animal Science Wanju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Research Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangsik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Chemical Engineering Kyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zae Young","family":"Ryoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2593-6529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junkoo","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Life Convergence Science Hankyong National University Anseong Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Gyeonggi Regional Research Center Hankyong National University Anseong Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myoung Ok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science Kyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.19.245704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-016-0170-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.05.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.02.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.04.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey285"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/12321966.1120586"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124373"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2012.746064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10030145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3766-4"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"[Occurrence of Harmful Chemical Elements (Hg, Cd, Pb) in Pig Stalls]","volume":"41","author":"Raszyk J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Veterinarni Medicina"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.impact.2021.100350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2019.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26395940.2024.2396464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10962247.2016.1170737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13061058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15569527.2022.2122489"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-023-01038-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.602097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.08.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114914"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-023-04038-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01913123.2022.2060396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30243-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26896583.2020.1782116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03871-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2010.00644.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2010.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260627"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.110133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369703"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2020.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02763-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18311\/ti\/2023\/v30i4\/33893"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2022.103859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-021-00297-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2022.111840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112718"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-019-00364-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-017-2193-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.6795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04575-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.S307189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2011.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2006.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.12.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.09.014"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbt.70279","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T19:45:42Z","timestamp":1758224742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbt.70279"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbt.70279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.70279","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1095-6670","1099-0461"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1095-6670","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0461","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70279"}}